Molecular Biotechnology

Protein engineering – basic principles and methods. Construction of protein producers. Abzymes.Ribozymes and aptamers. Directed evolution of enzymes. Combinatorial syntheses. Biocatalysis in organic chemistry. White biotechnology. Stereoselective synthesis. Metabolic engineering. Gene therapy.

The aim is to provide students with an understanding of the fundamental biotechnology processes that take place at various levels of biological systems organization: from molecules to multicellular organisms, cell function and regulatory processes - and with sufficient knowledge, skills and practical skills for a successful career in molecular biotechnology.

Molecular biology, Molecular laboratory diagnostics, Molecular ecology.

General biotechnological processes: Objects used in biotechnology (cell components (DNA, RNA, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and other low molecular weight materials), micro-organisms, plant and animal cells, multicellular organisms (plants and animals)). White (industrial), red, green, and blue biotechnology and the main application areas of biotechnology (food industry, chemical industry, agriculture, medicine, energy, ecological purity). Steps of biotechnological process (obtaining biomass, biomass disassembly, component purification, analysis, control). Classic biotechnological processes. Fermenter and their types. Eukaryotic (animal) cell culture characteristics. Industrial biotechnology: Objects of Industrial Biotechnology (biocatalysts, their immobilization, biocata processes, their construction and control). Renewable sources of raw materials. Enzyme selection, immobilization and use. Genetic Engineering (hosts, vectors, gene expression). Protein engineering. Metabolic processes in construction. Production of antibiotic. Recombinant antibiotics. Synthetic biology. Red biotechnology: Objects of red biotechnology (therapeutic proteins, recombinant proteins for medicines, antibodies, ribozymes, hybrid proteins). Principles of Drug Development (drug target search methods, methods of active materials selection, bacteriophages, ribosomes and cell exposure system, RNA silencing, aptamers, toxicity and pharmacokinetics). Ohmic technology: Methods of genome analysis. High-speed sequencing methods (pirosequencing, iSolid, Illumina and others). The problems of DNA sequence analysis. Methods of RNA analysis. Transcriptomics. DNA arrays. DNA (RNA) sensors. Proteomics - methods and problems. Mass spectrometry (principles of method, the excitation technology and applications). Metabolomics. Interactomics. Trends of ohmic technology. Biomarkers. Resistive technology and drug synthesis. Perspective of individualized treatment. Construction of cells and organisms: The target plant and animal cell construction - methods and problems. Transgenic plants (construction, areas of use, problems). Transgenic animals (design, applications, problems). Human Gene Therapy (vectors, the target gene routing, manipulation ex vivo). Nanobiotechnology and visualization technology: Biotechnology in nanometric level. Self-assembled structures. Nanoprimers and their use in in vivo visualization methods. Protein arrays. Multiparameter analysis. Laboratory chips. Vaccines: Traditional and new vaccines. Vaccines against cancer. Recombinant protein in vaccines development. DNA vaccines. Intracellular vaccine. Cellular technology: Autologous and embryonic stem cells (extraction methods, the main characteristics). Induced pluripotent cells. Tissue and organ reconstruction of stem cells. Tissue and organ engineering.

1. To know the main objects of biotechnology, principles of development, application areas of biotechnology. To know the basic terminology of biotechnology, to analyze biotechnological processes. 2. To know the main objects of industrial biotechnology, the principles of application of enzymes and biocatalysis. Be able to explain the principles of biocatalyst construction. 3. Know the main objects and applications of red biotechnology. Be able to explain the principles of drug development. 4. Know the basic ohmic technologies. To be able to explain the principles of application of ohmic technologies. 5. To know the main goals and methods of targeted plant and animal construction. To be able to explain the principles and scope of construction of transgenic organisms. 6. To know the general goals of nanobiotechnologies and imaging technologies. To be able to explain the peculiarities of the development and application of nanobiotechnologies. 7. Know the basic methods of vaccine development. To be able to explain the basic principles of developing classical and modern vaccines. 8. Know the scope of stem cells. Be able to explain the principles of cell therapies.