Phytopathology

Introduction to the course - Objectives, expectations and goals. What is plant pathology? Why study plant diseases? A discussion regarding the WHYs and WHATs of Plant Pathology to include sign, symptom, disease (biotic & abiotic), and injury. Nuts and bolts concepts: disease, injury, sign, symptom, pathogen, biotic versus abiotic diseases, disease triangle/disease pyramid, disease cycle, and overview of management, products strategies.

1. Atlikta augalų ligų koncepcijos ir požymių analizė. 2. Apibrėžti biotiniai ir abiotiniai veiksniai, kurie sukelia augalų ligas. 3. Apibrėžti aplinkos, biologiniai, genetiniai ir kultūrinai veiksniai, kurie įtakoja ligų išsivystymą. 4. Įvertinti metodai, kurie yra naudojami ligų diagnostikai ir tyrimui. 5. Tinkamai interpretuoti fungicidų, beicų naudojimą reglamentuojantys dokumentai. Pasirinkta tinkamas jų taikymas praktikoje. 6. Įvertintas augalų ligų žalingumas. 7. Pasirinkta ir pagrįsta augalų apsaugos sistemą. 8. Parinkti metodai, kurie yra naudojami ligų valdymui ar kontrolei skirtingo ūkininkavimo sistemose.

Knowledge of biology, botany, plant physiology, chemistry, genetics, microorganism biology and toxicology required.

1. Concept, object, tasks, history of phytopathology science. Concept and classification of plant diseases. 2. Prevalence and harmfulness of plant diseases. Non-infectious diseases. 3. Parasitism and general knowledge of infectious diseases. 4. Plant viral and mycoplasma diseases. 5. Plant Bacterial diseases. 6. Plant fungal diseases. 7. Parasitic flowering plants. 8. Ecology and dynamics of plant infectious agents. Plant Immunity. 9. Factors influencing the spread of infectious plant diseases, methods of prediction of the spread of diseases, harmfulness, limits of harmfulness. Phenomenon of development of resistance of infectious plant pathogens to plant protection products, management possibilities and methods. 10. Methods of direct and indirect control of infectious plant diseases. A strategy for the application of plant protection methods that meet economic, ecological and toxicological standards in agro-ecosystems. 11. History of the use of plant protection products (PPP) for controlling infectious plant diseases, current situation, assortment and analysis of products registered in the Republic of Lithuania, properties of PPP and application possibilities for control of infectious plant diseases. 12. Plant protection legislation regulating the control of infectious plant diseases, registration, import, transport, storage, use, placing on the market, utilization of PPE intended for disease control. Durability of chemicals used for disease control, environmental impact, production quality, allowable residues.

1. Analysis of the concept and signs of plant diseases. 2. Defined biotic and abiotic factors that cause plant diseases. 3. Define environmental, biological, genetic and cultural factors that influence disease development. 4. Methods used for diagnosis and investigation of diseases have been evaluated. 5. Properly interpreted documents regulating the use of fungicides and stains. Appropriate application in practice has been selected. 6. The harmfulness of plant diseases was assessed. 7. Selected and justified plant protection system. 8. Selected methods used for disease management or control in systems of different farming.