The present study deals with translation of Medieval German literature into Lithuanian. So far there have been three translations of Medieval German texts, namely Nibelungų giesmė (1988, Vladas Nausėda), Vargšas Heinrichas (1980, Sigitas Račiūnas) and Kundruna (2002, Vladas Nausėda). However, there has been no translation of texts from the period of the early Middle Ages. Thus, the current study explores strategies of translation employed in old texts and provides an unpublished translation of Hildebrandslied (the Song of Hildebrand) into Lithuanian.

Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – XX a. britų filosofo Johno McTaggarto laiko suvokimo koncepcija. Anot filosofo, laikas neegzistuoja kaip būtis, jis tėra sąmonės iliuzija. Žmogus suvokia laiką dvejopai: kaip santykį praeitis / dabartis / ateitis (vadinamoji „A-seka“) arba kaip santykį anksčiau / vėliau (vadinamoji „B-seka“). Tačiau laikas negali būti suvokiamas betarpiškai. Pažinti laiką įmanoma tik padedant tarpininkui, t. y. tik per kalbą. Straipsnyje keliama hipotezė, kad laiko suvokimas kaip A-seka ir B-seka neatitinka žmogaus laiko suvokimo, užkoduoto kalboje. Remiantis laiko prieveiksmių analize, nustatyta, kad laikas suvokiamas ne vien kaip A-seka ir B-seka. Straipsnyje daroma išvada, kad duratyvinių bei iteratyvinių laiko prieveiksmių semantikoje užkoduota patirtis, pagal kurią laikui būdingas cikliškumas, nepabaigiamumas, o taip pat grįžtamumas į pradinį atskaitos tašką.

Perception of time is a fundamental part of the perception of the world. However, time can be perceived only through the medium of language. The distinctive function of language determines that every language has lexical and/or grammatical means for expressing time. Still, the perception of time is more complex than was previously assumed: research of recent decades has shown that at different stages of human development time was perceived differently. This paper focuses on two main models of time perception – cyclical and linear – and their linguistic realizations. The aim of the study is to explore adverbs of time in German as lexical means of expressing time. It is hypothesized that adverbs of time not only define an activity or process in time, but also point to underlying models of time perception. The findings suggest that durative and iterative German adverbs of time present time as a recurrent and infinite category (the cyclical model of time), whereas relative adverbs present time as an uninterrupted line stretching from the past through the present to the future (the linear model of time).