Straipsnyje pateiktas Plocko regiono gyventojų išsilavinimo statistinis tyrimas ir pagrįstas steigiamos aukštosios mokyklos modelis. Remiantis atlikta Plocko regiono statistine gyventojų išsilavinimo duomenų analize, nustatyta esama padėtis regione. Analizės rezultatai parodė, kad, 1994-1996 m. duomenimis, tik 20 proc. regiono gyventojų turi vidurinį išsilavinimą ir tik 4 proc. (3,9 proc. moterų, 4,1 proc. vyrų) - aukštąjį.

The presented article analyses the phraseological units expressing emotional states of language users in Polish and Czech. During the research were examined mainly those units, which were directly related to the human response to external stimuli. The author argues that many of the set expressions in Czech and Polish languages were created when the body response to the stimulus. Depending on the assessment each situation arise phraseology connected to the positive or negative experiences.

The objective of the article is to reveal the challenges encountered by the ethnic minority of Lithuanian Poles when learning standard Polish. The article aims at drawing attention to the influence of the Russian and Lithuanian languages on the Polish language in Lithuania, as it causes a large number of mistakes made in spoken Lithuanian as well as, in some cases, in the written language used by Lithuanian Poles. The article discusses specific problems with respect to fostering Polish language culture in Lithuania on the basis of the results of the analysis of written assignments by Polish students in the 11th and 12th grades. The article deals with mistakes of language culture made in the written language; the reasons are evaluated in terms of a sociolinguistic approach. The stylistic evaluation of students’ essays is carried out: stylistic and linguistic means which do not comply with the requirements of the official language standard are observed. The emphasis is placed on mistakes related to word selection and usage as well as formation of collocations and sentences. The main attention is paid to the most common morphological mistakes, as students from the 11th and 12th grades must be familiar with all grammar rules and know how to apply them. The usage of borrowings from the Lithuanian and Russian languages, different linguistic elements of social varieties and dialecticisms in written assignments is discussed. On the basis of the analysis of types of occurring mistakes it has been concluded that most challenges in learning the standard language are the result of the multilingual environment as well as the social status of students’ families. Teaching the standard Polish language should be given a higher priority by publishing new textbooks in line with the general needs of national minority education. The article provides the insight that Polish textbooks should offer more exercises to foster students’ linguistic self-consciousness and eliminate consequences caused by interference from other languages.

The paper analyzes the influence of music on the semantic intertexts of different emotions and feelings, such as sadness, joy, and love, in the novels of Janusz Leon Wiśniewski and their Latvian translation. Music is a regular part of Wiśniewski’s novels, with songs helping to express the emotions of the characters. They provide a way to escape from reality into the world of dreams. Many songs are mentioned in the novels, each helping in a specific way to describe the characters’ emotions and serving as a complement to the depiction of their emotional state in particular situations. Musical inclusions, such as names of songs or fragments of songs, as part of the intertext, perform an expressive function both in the originals and in their translations.

The problem of examples of the calendar proverbs, that is to say paremiological units, was discussed in this article. These proverbs have the character of forecast, inform about natural phenomena in the present season of the year, and sometimes they are also practical clues for farmers, hunters, breeders, travellers, etc. It is very difficult to translate such units even into a cognate language, because they are used to present natural phenomena which are distinctive in different geographical latitudes. It must also be said that calendar proverbs are characterized by picturesqueness and allegorical nature, which is the result of people’s outlook on everyday reality, typical only for a definite community with its own culture and language.

Liminalumo teorija plačiai vartojama antropologinėse studijose. Ši teorija leidžia tyrėjams analizuoti religinius ritualus ir įvairias situacijas, kurios gali būti traktuojamos nevienareikšmiškai, nes jų prigimtis nevienalytė ir dviprasmiška. Liminalumo teorija – tai vienas iš instrumentų, padedantis analizuoti Vilniaus regiono paribio kultūrą. Straipsnyje analizuojami du metonimijų tipai – tai liminalumo ir paprastumo me tonimijos. Liminalumo metonimija pateikiama per respondentės santykius šeimoje ir aprašant sunkumus, kylančius dėl respondentės ir jos šeimos narių tautinio identiteto. Kalbos paprastumo pavyzdys – tai kalba, kuria kalba dauguma Vilniaus regiono gyventojų. Patys šio regiono gyventojai savo kalbą vadina paprasta. Straipsnyje daroma prielaida, kad pačios paribio kultūros neapibrėžtumas, jos liminlumas, - tai ta priežastis, dėl kurios atsirado paprasta kalba, kuri patenkina Vilniaus regiono gyventojų komu nikacinius poreikius. Medžiaga straipsniui buvo surinkta Nemenčinėje ir jos rajone 2008 metais.