Ypač svarbus techninis sportininkų parengtumas. Modeliuojant sportininkų rengimąsi Londono olimpinėms žaidynėms būtina atsižvelgti į sporto šakos, rungties plėtotės ir rezultatų prognozavimo tendencijas, šiuolaikinio sportininko pagrindinių savybių analizės duomenis, sporto treniruotės metodikos ir strategijos kitimą, didžiausių treniruotės krūvių, materialinės ir techninės bazės kitimą, žinoti, kruopščiai išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti savo sportininkų bei varžovų sportinį rengimą per treniruotes ir varžybas. Tada galima tikėtis trenerio įžvalgų, tampančių prielaida sportininkų rezultatų prognozei pasitvirtinti.

When preparing to London Olympic Games, it is necessary to apply organizational forms that patterns training and competition performance activity and the alternation of all processes actions. The most important is to establish quality goals and requirements of individual actions, to anticipate actions control, effectively manage and arrange physical loads. Technical athletes’ preparedness is of the highest importance; it is expressed with intelligence of movement, ability to think quickly, evaluate in supply and decide rapidly.

Research results indicate that the area, related to medical and scientific provision, still happened to be insufficient in coaches’ view. During London Olympiad years, if compared to Beijing Olympiad years, coaches received less valid information from medics and scientists and only of one-third athletes’ health and physical condition was tested during competition period; 3) negative tendencies of provision in technical preparedness: insufficient sponsorship and its poor stability for athletes training process, incomplete rehabilitation programme, and unsatisfactory provision with high quality equipment – were stronger during the last years of London Olympic cycle, if compared to Beijing Olympic cycle case. Above mentioned factors alongside with gaps in coaches-medics-scientists cooperation, limited system of coaches’, who worked with high performance athletes, qualification improvement, and the lack of methodical and practical support for coaches probably influenced the fact that only two-thirds athletes reached anticipated results during London Olympic cycle.

Usain Bolt from Jamaica is being considered as the fastest sprinter of all times, the record breaker in 100 m and 200 m running, and record breaker with his team-mates of 4x100 m relay event. He was the first one to win six Olympic gold medals in sprint events and the first one to become eight-times world champion. He was selected as the best Jamaican athlete for the year 2008, became the best Jamaican track-and-field athlete for the years 2008 and 2009, and chosen as the best world athlete by International Association of Athletics Federations and by BBC. U. Bolt has become the most successful athlete in the history of the World championships during the last 30 years. The aim of the work is to show what is the running speed indices change in the world best sprinters; what are the main running improvement directions; and what are presumptions for sprinters’ performance development. The objectives for the research were set as follows: 1. to establish the basic regularities of start reaction duration and those regularities influence on the results. 2. To analyse the dynamics of speed indices of 100 m event when dividing the distance into 20-meter sections. 3. To distinguish fundamental ideas of running step The phenomenon of the world fastest - Usain Prof. Dr. Habil. Janas Jaščaninas1, Prof. Dr. Habil. Povilas Karoblis2, Prof. Dr. Habil. Siergiej Bojczenko3 Gdansk Academy of Physical Education and Sport1, Lithuanian Olympic Academy2, University of Szczecin3 SummaryUMMARYfrequency and length that influence sprinter’s running result. 4. To estimate the differences in athletes’ record run indices in Berlin and Beijing Olympic Games. 5. To reveal biodynamic marks that are characteristic to U. Bolt’s competition performance phenomenon. 6. To distinguish possible limits of sprinter’s 100 m running speed hypothetic abilities. The official data and other relative publications of International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), German Athletics Association (DLV), and French Athletics Association (FFA) as well as of Lithuanian scientists’ researches were analysed for this study. Data analysis of world best sprinters’ - Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell, Tyson Gay, Maurice Greene, Carl Lewis, and Jim Hines – 100 m running results was executed as well as start reaction, maximum running speed, average speed, indices of running step length and frequency of 10 m and 20 m distances. These latter indices are attempted to be substantiated with knowledge in neurophysiology, muscle metabolism, biomechanics, and sport science methodology.

Theory is the highest and the most developed form of systematic presentation of scientific cognition results. Sports theory includes the concept of sport evolution, sport related definitions, principles, patterns, functions, sport training, sport competitions as well as pursue for high results while preserving health and educating balanced personality. Theoretical athlete’s training for the Olympic Games involves training loads, techniques of adjusting adaptive and adequate loads, patterns of sporting condition alternation, unity of physical and technical training, criteria for individual qualities evaluation, goals of sport training, methodology of using strength recovery means, health condition, and social factors. The goal of the theory is to cumulate information on the whole of physical exercises, training methods and movements control, on athlete’s physical, intellectual, and mental balance when achieving and evaluating high sport results as well as to analyse information transfer, comprehension, and storage mechanisms. The aim of the article was to summarize and consistently present sport training theory and scientific information as united and scientifically based system of sport training for the Olympic Games. The article discusses and gives insights for means of training loads management, technique of adjusting Theoretical athletes ’ trainin g for the Olympic Games adaptive and adequate loads, principles of planning high performance in sport and gaining of sporting condition as well as peculiarities of forming specific technical preparedness. The most important insight of sport science theoretical and practical researches is to support coach and athlete in optimizing sport activies, to analyse perception of new levels of training ideas and evaluation criteria, to develop improvement of high performance in sport fundamentals when gaining optimal and adequate movement skills for teaching athlete to control his or her will and moral sport competing characteristics. The article corresponds to the newest sport science information, coaches’ practice data, and conference publications of the recent years as well as to the experience of Lithuanian and foreign coaches and scientists when training high performance athletes. Modern athletes’ training for the Olympic Games is a long-term and diverse process that distinguishes by specific construction, new training improvement trends, and new information and technologies implementation.

Lithuanian Olympic Academy was established on 27th October, 1989, in the Physical Education Institute of Lithuania. It was an independent educational public sport organization with a goal to explore, cherish, and develop Olympic ideas, cultural heritage of the Olympic Movement, to pursue human spiritual and body perfection, to mobilize scientists for the growth of physical education and sport in Lithuania. Therefore, the ability to preserve what talented was once created and what athletes, coaches, scientists achieved represents the intelligence of national culture and the comprehension of historical responsibility towards future generations. Science, culture, and sport has built, still does, and will build proper state capital that is the most eminent and the most meaningful treasure at present and in the future. [...]