Greičiausio pasaulio sportininko Usaino Bolto (Usain Bolt) fenomenas

Abstract

Usain Bolt from Jamaica is being considered as the fastest sprinter of all times, the record breaker in 100 m and 200 m running, and record breaker with his team-mates of 4x100 m relay event. He was the first one to win six Olympic gold medals in sprint events and the first one to become eight-times world champion. He was selected as the best Jamaican athlete for the year 2008, became the best Jamaican track-and-field athlete for the years 2008 and 2009, and chosen as the best world athlete by International Association of Athletics Federations and by BBC. U. Bolt has become the most successful athlete in the history of the World championships during the last 30 years. The aim of the work is to show what is the running speed indices change in the world best sprinters; what are the main running improvement directions; and what are presumptions for sprinters’ performance development. The objectives for the research were set as follows: 1. to establish the basic regularities of start reaction duration and those regularities influence on the results. 2. To analyse the dynamics of speed indices of 100 m event when dividing the distance into 20-meter sections. 3. To distinguish fundamental ideas of running step The phenomenon of the world fastest - Usain Prof. Dr. Habil. Janas Jaščaninas1, Prof. Dr. Habil. Povilas Karoblis2, Prof. Dr. Habil. Siergiej Bojczenko3 Gdansk Academy of Physical Education and Sport1, Lithuanian Olympic Academy2, University of Szczecin3 SummaryUMMARYfrequency and length that influence sprinter’s running result. 4. To estimate the differences in athletes’ record run indices in Berlin and Beijing Olympic Games. 5. To reveal biodynamic marks that are characteristic to U. Bolt’s competition performance phenomenon. 6. To distinguish possible limits of sprinter’s 100 m running speed hypothetic abilities. The official data and other relative publications of International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), German Athletics Association (DLV), and French Athletics Association (FFA) as well as of Lithuanian scientists’ researches were analysed for this study. Data analysis of world best sprinters’ - Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell, Tyson Gay, Maurice Greene, Carl Lewis, and Jim Hines – 100 m running results was executed as well as start reaction, maximum running speed, average speed, indices of running step length and frequency of 10 m and 20 m distances. These latter indices are attempted to be substantiated with knowledge in neurophysiology, muscle metabolism, biomechanics, and sport science methodology.