Alternatyvioji tėvystė: „auginimo“ ir „globos“ reiškinių tarpusavio sąveika

Abstract

Straipsnyje pasitelkus filosofų, sociologų, edukologų teorines įžvalgas analizuo-jami „auginimo“ ir „globos“ reiškiniai, jų tarpusavio sąveika, pagrindžiamas jų papildomumas. Pastarųjų dešimtmečių ugdymo(si) paradigmų kaita ir naujos ugdymo tendencijos praplečia glo-bos ugdomosios funkcijos raišką, apimdamos visus vaiko raidos tarpsnius ir socialinės realybės situacijas. Autorės, pasiremdamos literatūros šaltinių ir atlikto empirinio tyrimo įžvalgomis, atskleidžia, kad ne giminės vaikų globa yra tam tikro komunikacinio santykio „globėjas – vaikas“ kūrimas(is). Šis santykis kaip socialinis fenomenas apima į vaiko ugdymą(si) orientuotų veiklų ir globėjo identiteto kūrimosi dermę. Nustatyta, kad globos ugdomoji funkcija reiškiasi esant tam tikroms ugdymo(si) sąlygoms: abipusiu vaiko ir jo globėjo dialogu; pasiruošimo, susipažinimo, krizės ir adaptacijos etapais; globėjo išsiugdytais gebėjimais ir vertybėmis. The changes of education paradigms and new tendencies of education allow to expand the content and expression of the educational function of child care having in mind all periods of child development and social reality situations. Foster care and parenting have been developed into individual theories over the past few decades, and the possibilities of potential combination of theories have not been realized. The research question raised by the auhors: what kinds of interaction exist between concepts of “parenting” and “care”? The analyses of research works and empirical data discloses that an alternative parenthood is the creation of a particular communicative relationship between the child and the caregiver. Thus the relationship becomes a social phenomenon which embraces the concord between child-oriented educational activities and the creation of the caregiver’s identity. The educational function of foster care is manifested in the article: under specific education conditions; via the mutual dialogue between the child and his/her caregiver; at the stages of preparation, acquaintance, crisis and adaptation; through the caregiver’s skills and values. On the basis of the narrative analysis of caregivers’ interviews the model of the dialogic-procedural expression and conditions of the educational function of alternative care are devised. The axis of relationships underlined in the narratives of caregivers supplement the model of dialogical self-education described in the literature review and the classification of parenting skills. The axis of context is a constitutent part of external environment conditions, whereas the time axis gives prerequisites for dividing the process of foster care into stages. The model has a potential to reduce the number of unsuccessful cases of care, enables the specialists to identify the insufficiency of care conditions as well as to to model the behavior of both participants of the care proccess. The process of care is expressed through dialogic self-education that enables both participants of interaction to express own needs and expectations, as well as change own thinking, behaviour and values [...].