Atliekant edukologijos tyrimus fenomenografijos metodu siekiama rasti atsakymus j klausimus apie tai, kas yra mąstymas ir mokymasis, žmonių santykis su juos supančiu pasauliu. Straipsnyje pristatomu teoriniu tyrimu pagrindžiami metodologiniai fenomenografijos parametrai: tikslas, metodologinis išskirtinumas, tyrimo proceso specifika, rezultatų kompleksiškumas, patikimumas, generalizacija ir validumas. Tyrimo problemos klausimas yra: Koks yra fenomenografijos metodologinis išskirtinumas?

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama asmens mokymosi pasiekimų, įgytų įvairiose mokymosi aplinkose, vertinimo problematika. Analizuojami mokymosi pasiekimų aplanko ir pokalbio metodų taikymo, vertinant asmens neformaliojo ir savaiminio mokymosi pasiekimus, ypatumai. Straipsnyje pristatomi mažmeninės prekybos atstovų neformaliojo ir savaiminio mokymosi pasiekimų vertinimo atvejo studijos rezultatai.

Straipsnyje aprašomas grindžiamosios teorijos tyrimo priemonių sudarymas: analizuojant skirtingas grindžiamosios teorijos atmainas, apibūdinamas procesas, pagrindiniai parametrai ir siekiami rezultatai. Nepaisant tam tikrų metodologinių skirtumų tarp įvairių GT atmainų, esminis akcentas aptariant priemonių sudarymą yra judumas ir priemonių kintamumas. Viena vertus, šios ypatybės praplečia tyrėjo galimybes, kita vertus, susiduriama su informacijos perkrova, kurią tyrėjui tampa sudėtinga suvaldyti

The author of the article claims that while teaching pupils to record oral history, it is very relevant to explain to them the importance of the most suitable interviewee. Most original and valuable knowledge can be spread by a person who used to be an organizer of some past events, preserved some original objects, is fluent and tolerant. A teacher’s role and responsibility is to help pupils prepare for the meeting with one or another witness of some historical event. On the other hand, the interviewee should also be prepared for the meeting with pupils who want to listen to and to record his/her reminiscences. The article also emphasizes that pupils should be acquainted with the process of conducting an interview. Firstly, it is important to revive an elderly person’s reminiscences and only later pass on to the questioning which should be conducted according to some methodological recommendations. Attention should be paid to the number of questions, their formulation, question types and their system. Pupils should understand that in the process of conducting an interview the atmosphere of mutual trust should be created. The author claims that pupils should know how to document received oral history. They should also have to have the knowledge of how to process the collected material by full or partial transcription, how to preserve recorded oral history.

We can name three Christian democratic ideology parties on Lithuania political scene: Christian Democratic Party of Lithuania, Christian Democrats Union and Modern Christian Democrats. Modern Christian Democrats seceded from the matrix (parent) party of Lithuanian Christian Democrats in 2000. Analyzing the Christian democracy process in post- communistic Lithuania it is important to state that it is one of the trends under a tradition which is difficult to assign to right or left economic frames. The Christian Democrats parties were named leftist because they contradicted the liberals and they aspired to limit the economic capital influence on politics in the XXth century. After few decades the main opponents of the right parties were socialists and the policy contemptuous human rights. The experience of politic democracy accumulated in the period of Lithuania between the two wars was a relevant factor in for mation of the contemporary system of political parties. In 1989 restored the Party of Lithuanian Christian Democrats became unambiguous reforms orientated and was classified as a right party. Experience of democracy of the party in inwar Lithuania was also a meaningful factor which formed the modernist party system. The Christian Democrats Party of Lithuania (Lietuvos krikscionių demokratų partija, LKDP) - 16 seats – was founded in 1905 and re-established in 1989 likewise the Homeland Union the Christian democrats are right of centre. Prior to the 1996 elections the party had agreed to form a coalition with the conservatives (even though it stands closer to the social democrats of the LSDP regarding economic issues). Some time in 1994 the Christian democrats were very popular - exactly when the Homeland Union became more radical. Lithuanian Christian democracy can be proud of its past experience and its successful activity after reestablishing the independence.[...].