Fenomenografija - kokybinės diagnostikos metodas: metodologinis pagrindimas

Abstract

Atliekant edukologijos tyrimus fenomenografijos metodu siekiama rasti atsakymus j klausimus apie tai, kas yra mąstymas ir mokymasis, žmonių santykis su juos supančiu pasauliu. Straipsnyje pristatomu teoriniu tyrimu pagrindžiami metodologiniai fenomenografijos parametrai: tikslas, metodologinis išskirtinumas, tyrimo proceso specifika, rezultatų kompleksiškumas, patikimumas, generalizacija ir validumas. Tyrimo problemos klausimas yra: Koks yra fenomenografijos metodologinis išskirtinumas? ‘In educational research phenomenography strives to find the right answers to questions about thinking and learning, interaction / relationship between people, relationship between people with the world. Phenomenography is the theory of knowledge and methodology, specialization of research, direction or autonomous method such as method of qualitative diagnostic. This method is useful in educational research: it describes different ways of experiencing the phenomenons that illuminate condition needful to better understanding and development of reality; students are empowered to become more flexible and to accept their decisions more consciously that are related to their surrounding world. The research problem includes one questions: „What is the methodological oneness of phenomenography?“ The research aim is to substantiate methodological parameters of phenomenography by highlighting premises of qualitative diagnostic. Research focus is phenomenography as method of qualitative diagnostic. The research method was literature analysis. Nature of phenomenography is related to paradigm of qualitative research methodology and connects all basic parameters of qualitative research: research instruments for qualitative data collection (semi - structured interview and observation) and principles (experiences and. meanings through all interview is constructed by both — researcher and research participant). It is compulsory7 to realize the principles of openness to data and depersonalization of the researcher, objectivity. Data analysis typically is characterized by qualitative nature — elements of constructing and discovering the descriptive categories); research results are qualitative and representative only in groups that are characterized by the same attributes. Reliability of phenomenography is proved by verification of coding, discussions of researchers, precision and clear description of the main research elements (construction of categories, sample, and questions). Relevance is substantiated by parameters that are typical to qualitative diagnostic: representative sampling, validity of interview content, its transcriptions and analysis; recognition of research results in academic community and availability for research population and educational science.