Šiame darbe atkreipiamas dėmesys į jaunių (17–18 metų) krepšininkų ir futbolininkų bendrąjį ir fizinį savaveiksmingumą. Savaveikmingumo lygis leidžia nustatyti, kaip individas elgsis skirtingomis situacijomis, susijusiomis su jo veikla. Didelis savaveikmingumas sudėtingomis situacijomis leidžia žmogui geriau, veiksmingiau įveikti abejones, įvairius nemalonumus, konfliktus. Fizinis savaveikmingumas – tai pasitikėjimas savimi, apimantis asmens įvertinimą, ką jis su turimais įgūdžiais gali atlikti specifinėmis situacijomis per nustatytą laiką. Nors savaveiksmingumas yra reikšmingas visose individo veiklos srityse, tačiau sporto srityje jis dar reikšmingesnis, kadangi kalbama apie individo pastangų realizaciją fizinės veiklos metu. Šios srities tyrimai yra labai svarbūs, nes naudojantis gautais rezultatais galima ne tik prognozuoti būsimus sportinius rezultatus, bet ir laiku imtis tam tikrų priemonių siekiant juos pagerinti. Atliekant tyrimą buvo siekiama atskleisti, ar yra statistiškai patikimi skirtumai tarp jaunių (17–18 metų) krepšininkų ir futbolininkų pagal bendrąjį ir fizinį savaveiksmingumą. Tiriamųjų apklausai buvo taikoma Bendrojo savaveiksmingumo skalė GSE, kuri padeda įvertinti asmens tikëjimą savo gebėjimu elgtis veiksmingai sudėtingomis situacijomis, ir Fizinio savaveikmingumo skalė PSE. Fizinio savaveikmingumo skalė yra sudaryta iš dviejų subskalių: savo fizinių gebėjimų suvokimo subskalës ir pasitikėjimo savo fiziniais gebėjimais subskalės. Abiejų subskalių rodiklių suma parodo fizinio savaveikmingumo lygį. Tyrimo rezultatai buvo analizuojami taikant χ2 kriterijų. Tiriami buvo 64 sportininkai, iš jų 35 Kauno futbolo mokyklos ir 29 – Kauno krepšinio mokyklos auklėtiniai (jauniai). Tiriamųjų amžius 17–18 metų. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad jaunių krepšininkų ir futbolininkų bendrasis savaveiksmingumas yra didelis. Nustatyta, kad 68,57 proc. futbolininkų ir 48,27 proc. krepšininkų bendrojo savaveiksmingumo lygis yra aukštas. Jaunių krepšininkų ir futbolininkų fizinis savaveiksmingumas yra vidutinis. Tiriamieji nesiskyrė pagal savo fizinių gebëjimų suvokimo lygį. Pagal pasitikėjimą savo fiziniais gebėjimais nustatytas statistiškai patikimas skirtumas tarp krepšininkų ir futbolininkų (p < 0,05): jaunių futbolininkų pasitikėjimas savo fiziniais gebėjimais didesnis nei krepšininkų. 71,43 proc. futbolininkų ir 96,55 proc. krepšininkų būdingas vidutinis pasitikėjimo savo fiziniais gebėjimais lygis, o 22,86 proc. futbolininkų ir 3,45 proc. krepšininkų – aukštas pasitikėjimo savo fiziniais gebėjimais lygis.

The problem arise in more broad way to investigate characteristics of coordination development in 10–11 year old boys attending football training. The object of investigation was the development of coordination abilities during the football training. The aim of investigation was to study the development of coordination abilities in 10–11 years old boys during football training. Methods for the implementation of the aim of investigation were as follows: analysis of scientific data, educational experiment, testing, statistical methods. Pedagogical experiment had lasted for three months, two groups of boys E1 and E2 for the investigation were selected by the way of practical choice, each group consisted of 17 individuals. E1 group took part in Experimental programme which consisted of three training modules. Agility games appointed for the development of coordination abilities by the way of use different size ball were involved into warm-up part of training; during the main part of training 4th size ball usual for 10–11 years old boys were used in the first training module. During the second training module warm–up part of training was performed using the exercises with ordinary balls and the main part was performed using nonstandard balls. During the third module training was alternative: during one training nonstandard size balls were used at warm–up part, during another – at the main part of training. It was found out that E1 group boys made a bigger progress and their coordination abilities were better in comparison to E2 group. The discrepancy of arithmetic mean of all results was statistically significant except of long jump and back jump. The greatest improvement of results the E1 group boys made by hitting the target with a ball – the results of accurateness by hitting ball with right foot was better 2,04 times and by left foot – 3,33 times.[...]

Height and body mass of tested young football players did not differ significantly from young nonathletes. Body mass indices were also similar. When comparing fat body mass in percents, we gave found that fat body mass of football players was in average 10,7 percents higher then of non-athletes (p<0,05) – it was determined by higher activity of children engaged in sport. Our research have demonstrated that forced vital lungs capacity, peak expiratory flow (PEF l/s) at rest in football players were statistically significantly higher than of non-athlete children (p<0.05). Indices of forced vital capacity of exhalation 75% FVC and 50% FVC were also statistically significantly higher comparing to non-athletes (p<0.05). Tiffneu index (FEV1/FVC) was in norm in both groups, but in football playing children it was in average by 8,9 percents higher and this difference is statistically significant.

hand movement from the initial standing position on the platform improved almost from 48.49±3.64 cm to 49.18±4.17 cm (p>0.05), however noticeably improved (p<0.01) the result of vertical jumping with hand movement (from 48.94±3.65 cm to 50.76±4.09 cm), when before resisting from the platform the additional jump is performed in order to jump on the platform. Body movement speed while moving vertically to horizontal direction (Margaria test) as well improved significantly (p<0.01) from 1.75±0.07 m/s to 1.85±0.11 m/s. The result of body movement speed in horizontal direction while running 5 m changed not noticeably, although our young football players improved the running of 30 meters result statistically significantly from 4.19±0.19 s to 4.12±0.16 s (p<0.001). Appreciably improved the results of moving forward and backward (agility test 10 × 5 m)(p<0.01). Power output results using the Wingate test were improving a bit from 580±67.46 W to 605±84.16 W, although the change of pulse frequency after 30 s of physical load showed that all the trainings done throughout the yearly cycle had a noticeable impact on the organism adaptation of the young football players. After 1 minute the heart beat rate increased from 150.41±12.28 bt/min to 142.00±9.71 bt/min and after 2 min – from 133.82±11.41 bt/min to 122.47±8.66 bt/ min (p<0.0001).

The language of television and radio journalists has the power to influence the language across the society, therefore, it should be subject to the highest requirements; language should be correct and prestigious. Correct accentuation is one of the weaker sides of the language of journalists. Studies show that the mistakes of pronunciation and accentuation in the language of journalists and programme presenters are rather common. The language of sports presenters and sports commentators does not make an exception – it is not always correct. The goal of the study is to analyse the language of Nerijus Kesminas, one of the most well-known journalists of football programmes in our country, in terms of accentuation. The language of 3 television programmes (commentary on 3 live football broadcasts) has been selected for the study. The results Characteristic accentuation mistakes in football programmes Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vidas Kavaliauskas, Laurynas Aržuolaitis Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences SUMMARY have shown that the language of Nerijus Kesminas is not poor. Nevertheless, accentuation mistakes, whether systematic or random, are rather numerous. The article discusses the accuracy of accentuation in the football commentator’s language and highlights the most characteristic accentuation mistakes of systematic type, which are juxtaposed to the standard accentuation cases; accentuation patterns in the standard language are explained; recommendations on how to avoid such mistakes are provided. The article could be relevant to the journalists of football and other television and radio sports programmes, students of physical education study programmes and teachers, coaches, and finally – athletes themselves.

Trenerio ir sportininko santykis svarbus ne tik sportininko fizinei bei psichologinei gerovei, tačiau ir visos komandos veiklos rezultatams. Atsižvelgiant į trenerio ir sportininko santykio tyrinėjimų trūkumą komandinio sporto kontekste ir į žemą Lietuvos futbolo komandų rezultatyvumą, šiuo tyrimu siekiama išsiaiškinti Lietuvos futbolo federacijos aukščiausios ir pirmos lygos komandų žaidėjų suvokto santykio su vyriausiuoju treneriu kokybę bei jo sąsajas su komandos sutelktumu, kolektyviniu veiksmingumu ir veiklos efektyvumu. Tyrime dalyvavo 71 futbolininkas (amžiaus vidurkis – 21,55 m.) iš keturių A ir I LFF lygos komandų. Tyrimo dalyviai pildė tris klausimynus: Trenerio ir sportininko santykio, Grupės aplinkos ir Kolektyvinio veiksmingumo sporte. Be to, buvo įvertintas komandų veiklos efektyvumas, kurį atspindėjo surinkti taškai sezono pabaigoje. Paaiškėjo, kad sportininkai santykį su treneriu vertina kaip labai gerą. Spirmeno (angl. Spearman) koreliacija parodė, kad trenerio ir sportininko santykis yra teigiamai susijęs su komandos sutelktumu ir kolektyviniu veiksmingumu. Vis dėlto nepavyko nustatyti reikšmingų ryšių tarp komandos sutelktumo, suvokto kolektyvinio veiksmingumo, santykio su treneriu ir komandos rezultatyvumo. Struktūrinių lygčių modeliavimas (kelių analizė) parodė, jog santykis su treneriu veikia kaip tarpinis kintamasis tarp komandos užduoties sutelktumo ir kolektyvinio efektyvumo. Apibendrinant galima daryti išvadą, kad trenerio ir sportininko santykis yra susijęs ne tik su dinaminiais grupių veiksniais, bet ir efektyviu treniravimu.

Comparing football players and track-and-field athletes’ responses, it appeared that the initial expectation of the players was to enrich their knowledge, to acquire new skills (respectively 84.6% and 49.5%), as well as to reinforce personal selfconfidence (32.2% and 77.4%). Young track-and-field athletes were significantly more motivated to participate in training activity by the wish to achieve good sport results, comparing to football players (respectively 83.7% and 72.4%), while the reinforcing factors of the football players were a wish to participate in matches (86.2% and 73.3%), desire to be healthy and strong (82.0% and 74.1%), to enter the national team (68.5% and 62.7%), a wish to purposefully and actively use their free-time (62.8% and 53.7%), interesting training sessions (71.2% and 47.4%), friendly relations with coach (54.5% and 43.9%), aspiration to be well-known and respectable (44.3% and 30.0%), as well as material well-being (34.4% and 18.3%).

Very good evaluation on defence and attack actions, as well as on improvisation of individual actions and improvisation on both group and team actions was provided by 10 to 30 percent of football players. Very high risk level was expressed by 30% of the players. The subjects demonstrated a very high level of self-confidence in family (70%), in life and school environment (60%), during training sessions (50%) and matches (50%), however, when performing the crucial shot, the very high level of self-confidence was demonstrated only by 10 percent of the respondents. 90 percent of the respondents stated being attentive in getting the coach appointed tasks. In their training sessions, all the interrogated players were striving to precisely follow and perform the movements, demonstrated to them. Only 10 percent of the respondents reported that they additionally addressed their coach for better cognition of the appointed tasks. 60 percent of the players were interested in the game technique of the best football players. 55 percent of respondents perfected their individual technique selfdependently and in self-supervised way. 40 percent of the players were learning from their teammates during the training sessions. Even 95 percent of the respondents reported they were following the team game disciple during training sessions and competitions. In case of failure, 75 percent of the players did not address their parents for assistance.

Motivation is the process of stimulating behaviour, actions and movements, based on particular motives. Motivation in sport is the complex of different motives that cause athletes to be more active, trying to achieve their goals during the trainings and competitions. Athletes of different sports may be influenced by different factors depending on their needs, motives and perspectives. A significant number of studies have been done on sport motivation in Lithuania. Studies were conducted in different levels of various sports: track and field, football, kayaking, boxing and others. In this context there is lack of a studies that examine motivation in competitive shooting and women’s football. 47 athletes aged 16–19 have participated in a study (25 female shooters and 22 female footballers). All of the participants were the prize-winners of Lithuanian championships at youth and senior level. The aim of the study is to examine the differences in motives for sport participation among female athletes in competitive shooting and football. The present study showed that athletes took part in other sports before chose to participate in football and competitive shooting (60% shooters and 86.4% footballers). In addition, participants of a study have tried other non-sporting activities (40% of competitive shooters and 36.4% of footballers). A large number of female competitive shooters chose to participate in shooting as a leisure activity. Athletes were mostly encouraged by friends to take part in shooting. Football players were mostly motivated to take part in football by a coach. 50% of them were interested in football as a leisure activity, also, wished to master a technical aspect of a game. [...].