Ryšių tarp žmogaus organizmo įvairių požymių paieška yra viena iš aktualių problemų, kurią nagrinėjant galima geriau pažinti tam tikru laikotarpiu irtam tikromis sąlygomis gyvenančio žmogaus vystymosi, egzistencijos ypatumus. Tyrimo tikslas - ištirti 20-22 metų fiziškai ir protiškai aktyvių vyrų fizinio išsivystymo, fizinių gebėjimų ir kai kurių funkcinių rodiklių tarpusavio ryšius. Tirti 36 VPU studentai, kurių amžius buvo 20-22 metai. [...]

Specific qualities of competitive performance observed in different sports demand that athletes demonstrate definite special characteristics. Training and competitive performance provokes different adaptive changes within athletes' organisms. There are some sports giving preference to tall athletes. However in the greater part of sports, remarkable results may be achieved also by medium-height or even short athletes. To compare the specific influence produced by separate sports on athletes' organisms, it would be necessary to choose study groups involving athletes similar in terms of height characteristics. Study purpose was to examine specific characteristics of physical development, physical skills, and definite functions demonstrated by high performance athletes, very similar in their body height yet very different in terms of performed sport activity; and to carry out a corresponding comparative analysis. Our study involved 48 high performance athletes practising different sports. All of them were either member candidates or full members of Lithuanian Olympic Team: kayakers and canoeists (k/c) (n=12); - skiers and biathlonists (n=12); cyclists (n=12); and master team football players (n=12).). There was determined that body height and most other indices of physical development and capacity demonstrated by Lithuanian high performance athletes practising different sports differ slightly. It was only kayakers and canoeists who surpassed others in their body built and muscle power which allowed them to get among the leading athletes of the world. It was found that athletes' muscle mass was closely related to SMCP, AAMP, and high jump indices. Development of the mass of special muscles is one of the vital factors for the improvement of muscle power at short work. The study revealed problems existing in the area of selection and training of Lithuanian high performance athletes. This information may help elaborate further training of athletes...

The aim of the work was to elucidate the level of physical development, physical fitness and some of the vegetative functions and correlation of these traits in with special performance in junior swimmers. The study objects was the physical development, physical fitness and some of the vegetative and psychomotor functions of junior swimmers. The study cohort comprised Lithuanian swimmers (28 boys) who were preparing for starts in various international contests. Group 1 contained 16 candidates of the junior national team (age, 16-18 years) and group 2 contained 12 candidates of the juvenile national team (age, 14-15 years). The results showed that swimmers in group 1 were on average 8.45 cm higher than swimmers from group 2; the difference was statistically reliable. Body mass was on average 13.07 kg less (p<0.001) in group 2 swimmers. Muscular mass differed by 7.99 kg (p<0.001). Hand force differed only by 2.5 kg, the difference being statistically not reliable. The mean values of high jump, psychomotor response time, movement frequency showed no essential differences. Both the absolute and relative (per kg of body mass) single muscular contraction indices exhibited reliable differences (p<0.05 and p<0.01). The absolute indices of anaerobic alactic muscular power were reliable higher in group 1, and the relative indices showed no essential differences. The absolute indices of 60s special performance (glycolitic) power were also higher in group 1 (p<0.05), and relative indices were almost similar (insignificantly higher in group 2). The functional capacity indices of the circulatory system showed no essential differences between the groups. Both in group 1 and 2, the Roufier index scatter area was very large.[...]

We examined their height, body mass and its components, optimal body mass and the limits of optimal body mass. Factual nutrition was determined by the method of questioning and weighing. It was evaluated food ration chemical composition from average food sets. The high performance athletes’ physical performance was adequate to the represented sports and differs marginally during the study year. The factual nutrition of the athletes was found to satisfy the energetic demands of their body. All studied representatives from different sports received the sufficient protein amount (from 1,7 to 3,6 g/ kg body mass). Administrating food supplements without combining them to factual nutrition raise the disbalance among the proportions of protein, fat and carbohydrates. Food supplements highlighted the disbalance among the amino acids and showed the Metionine deficiency in all subjects food ration. Factual nutrition of athletes meets their energetical needs. Pronounced disbalance of nutritional elements in average nutritional ration is evidenced by sufficient amount of proteins, too high amount of fat, and too low amount of carbohydrates and shortage of polysaccharide carbohydrates. The supplements consumed by athletes raise their vitamin composition in daily food ration more then 10 times, comparing to well-balance nutrition formula.

The programme of swimming is very broad and includes different swimming styles as well as distances. Such a variety determines different methodological approaches to training and conditions various adaptive changes in the body. The aim of the work is to investigate the change in the physical development, physical capacity and functional capacity of high performance young brass swimmer, Lithuanian swimming record-holder, world youth championship prizeman and a member of Lithuanian Olympic team over the four-year Olympic cycle and to compare the acquired indices with the statistical indicators of the Lithuanian national team. The sample of the research included one high performance athlete specialising in brass swimming. The indicators of his physical development and anaerobic alactic muscular capacity in the four-year Olympic cycle were established. Special physical anaerobic glycolytic capacity was investigated applying special ergometer for handwork of swimmers at 60 s maximum work. The functional capacity of circulatory system was also measured. During the four-year Olympic cycle considerable changes were observed in the majority of physical development indices: the height of the athlete rose by 4.5 cm, the body mass increased for account of muscle mass growth (5.7 kg), whereas the fat mass remained almost the same. The hand power and ventilation lung capacity went up significantly. The indices of single muscle capacity and anaerobic alactic muscle capacity changed slightly. As they were relatively high, it was concluded that that fast fibres prevail in the athlete’s muscle structure. The indicators reflecting the level of glycolytic capacities and acquired during the special 60 s hand work capacity test were improving considerably (from 203 to 272 W) and the work endurance parameters demonstrated a considerable increase.[...]

The aim of the research was to analyze the dynamics of physical development and physical capacity of high performance women track cyclists during the four year Olympic period and to search for the interdependence of particular indices of physical development and physical capacity. Three the best women cyclists of Lithuanian Olympic team were tested: cyclist A – the vice-champion of the World Championship, cyclist B – the champion of the World Cup Championship, the champion of the European Youth Championship, cyclist C – the one who makes to the top ten of World women track cyclists. The research was being carried out in the framework of the programme Beijing 2008 for four years. Physical development data were measured. Single muscular contraction power (SMCP), anaerobic alactic muscular power (AAMP), while using step ergometry method, were established aiming to evaluate physical capacity. The 10-s veloergometer test on max exertion was applied aiming to measure special anaerobic alactic powers, the 30-s veloergometer test on max exertion was applied aiming to measure mixed anaerobic alactic glycolytic powers, the 60-s veloergometer test was applied aiming to measure anaerobic glycolytic capacity. THE DYNAMICS of high performance women track cyclists ‘ ind ICES OF physical development AND physical capacity AND their interdependence during the four - year olympic period Assoc. Prof. Dr. Linas Tubelis, Antanas Jakimavičius, Prof. Dr. Habil. Algirdas Raslanas, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rūta Dadelienė, Prof. Dr. Habil. Kazys Milašius Lithuanian Olympic Sport Centre, Vilnius Pedagogical University Summary Functional capacity of blood circulation was estimated by establishing blood pressure while sitting, heart rate while lying for 5 min, establishing its reaction to active orthostatic sample and to standard physical load.

Psychomotoric functions were analyzed by establishing the duration of simple psychomotoric reaction to light stimulus and minimal movement frequency in 10-s. The methods of the research are set out by Skernevičius, Raslanas, Dadelienė (2004). It was estimated that somatic and physiometric indices of physical development of Lithuanian boys of age 15-16, who attend football trainings, are very close to the indices of those of the same age who are less physically active. Analysed young football players did not have high indices of running speed, high jump and quickness. The indices of anaerobic power also were not any higher than those with low physical activity. Comparative indices of VO2max were equal to the data of Lithuanian schoolchildren research. Functional capacity of blood circulation system was at average level. The data of psychomotoric research did not have considerable supremacy over non-trained persons. The very essential problem of football players’ selection and purposeful training have been highlighted. Lithuanian Football Federation and other sport organizations, with the help of scientific institutions, should pay attention to it. Reference value scales of physical development, physical and functional capacity will help to do better selection of youngsters to football schools and to evaluate their preparedness development better.

The aim of the research was to analyse the correlation between high performance rowers‘ 2000 m distance rowing time-span and their physical development, physical and functional capacity indices. 2009 Nr. 2(56) 29 14 Lithuanian national team rowers and young rowers of Olympic Reserve group between age 18 and 26 were tested at the end of four-year Olympic cycle of 2008. The main physical development indices of height, body mass, hands power, VLC, muscle mass were established (Dadelienė, 2008). Physical capacity was measured by establishing single muscular contraction power (SMCP), anaerobic alactic muscular power (AAMP) (step ergometry), special 10-s working power was established with rowing ergometer (Concept II). Working power of anaerobic threshold (AT) was estimated while working on this ergometer when lactate blood concentration had reached 4 mmol/l. Working power was estimated at the critical intensity limit (CIL) (VO2max). Functional capacity of circulatory system was analysed by applying Roufier test (RT), by establishing pulse rate (PR) while lying, by establishing blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration (Skernevičius, Raslanas, Dadelienė, 2004). Special preparedness for the 2000 m distance rowing was settled after rowing programmed 2000 m distance on rowing ergometer; the results of 6000 m distance rowing in control competition were fixed, too. The statistical method of linear correlation (Pierson) was applied aiming to establish analysed indices correlation. Reliability of correlation coefficient was estimated accordingly: r = 0,46-0,57 (p<0,05), r = 0,58- 0,68 (p<0,01), r = 0,69 and more (p<0,001). The method of regression analysis was applied, too (Gonestas, Strielčiūnas, 2003). There is a reliable correlation of physical development indices among heights, general body mass, muscle mass and 2000 m rowing index. [...]

Black Devil of Germany Company ALMONDI per day: 2 capsules in the morning and 2 - in the evening. One capsule consisted of 500 mg dry Lepidium meyenii (Maca) roots powder and 70 mg plant Tribulus terrestris powder. The members of control group (n=12) did not consume any food supplements. The research revealed that consumption of food supplement Black Devil has positive influence on athletes' muscle power at different energy production zones, on their aerobic capacity and on functional capacity of blood circulation and respiratory system. The consumption of food supplement Black Devil did not have positive influence on testees' morphological blood composition. Creatinkinasis blood concentration increased in athletes statistically significantly after 20 days of consuming food supplement Black Devil and creatinine amount had a tendency to grow. The tendency of urea and cholesterol concentration reduction has appeared and bilirubin amount decreased statistically reliably. Testosterone concentration had increased in first 10 days period of consuming supplement Black Devil and during further 10 days period of consuming this supplement testosterone concentration did not grow any more. Growth of testees' cortisol blood concentration also was observed while Black Devil had been consumed.

The aim of our work was to examine physical development, physical and functional capacity of elite Lithuanian kayakers, and to compare data of high physical active persons with not engaged in sports persons. We examined 12 elite Lithuanian kayakers experimental group (age 20-30 years), and 36 20-24 years old student’s control group of Vilnius Pedagogical University. We estimated the main indices of their physical development: height, body mass, the fat muscle mass index, leading hand force, lung volume. To evaluate physical capacity we assessed single muscle contraction capacity, anaerobic alactic muscular power (gas analyzers were used to asses VO2 max). To assess the functional capacity of the circulatory system, we measured the pulse rate at rest, in orthostasis, in response to a standard physical load (30 squatting per 45 s) and after 60 s of recovery. We determined the rate of psychomotor reaction and central nervous system liability by applying a 10-s tapping test. Kayakers body mass, leading hand force, single muscle contraction capacity, anaerobic alactic muscular power, psychomotor reaction, movement frequency indices are far from not engaged in sports persons. Analysis of data showed that high physical active kayakers have exceptional feature of organism. It is necessary to pay attention in selection process and in the process of physical training for preparing high performance athletes.