Elitinio meistriškumo sportininkų rengimas, jų organizmo adaptacijos reiškiniai plačiai analizuojami fundamentaliuose darbuose. Nemažai dėmesio skiriama fiziologinei, biocheminei sportininkų adaptacijai tyrinėti. Visuose fundamentaliuose sporto fiziologijos darbuose nagrinėjamos sudėtingos sportininkų raumenyse vykstančios metabolinės reakcijos, kurių tarpusavio santykis daugiausia priklauso nuo sportinės veiklos trukmės ir raumenų darbo intensyvumo. Kai kurių autorių duomenimis, įveikiant 1 000 m nuotolį, aerobiniam metabolizmui vyrų organizme atitenka 81,8 % pagaminamos energijos. Rengiant Lietuvos baidarininkus dar pasigendama duomenų apie aerobinio pajėgumo rodiklių kaitą, energijos gamybos reakcijų pobūdį įvairiais pasirengimo laikotarpiais, atskirais metiniais ciklais. Todėl yra aktualu ištirti baidarininkų, olimpinių prizininkų, besirengiančių startuoti 1 000 m nuotolio rungtyje, organizmo adaptacijos raidą keturmečiu olimpiniu ciklu, suprasti aerobinio metabolizmo specifinius požymius, įvertinti ugdymo priemonių ir metodų reikšmingumą. Darbo tikslas – ištirti ir įvertinti didelio meistriškumo baidarininkų, startuojančių 1 000 m nuotolio rungtyje, aerobinio metabolizmo kaitą keturmečiu olimpiniu ciklu ir nustatyti kintamuosius veiksnius, turinčius poveikį aerobiniam pajėgumui. Atliktas vieno atvejo veiksmo tyrimas, kurio metu tirti du baidarių dvivietės valties įgulos sportininkai R. ir A., kurie Rio de Žaneiro olimpinėse žaidynėse 1 000 m nuotolio rungtyje iškovojo 5-ąją, prizinę, vietą. Tyrimai atlikti keturmečiu olimpiniu ciklu 2012–2016 metais. Buvo tirta sportininkų atlikto fizinio krūvio apimtis ir intensyvumas bei organizmo adaptacija prie taikomų fizinių krūvių išryškinant aerobinio metabolizmo kaitą kiekvienais olimpinio ciklo metais, atskirais rengimosi etapais. Aerobinis metabolizmas ir pajėgumas buvo tiriamas dirbant specialiu baidarių ergometru „Dansprint“, atliekant tyrimą mobiliu dujų analizatoriumi „Oxygen Mobile“. Atliekamo darbo galingumui ir PD nustatyti ties laktatiniu anaerobiniu slenksčiu (LaAS) buvo taikytas testas, atliekamas specialiu baidarių ergometru „Dansprint“. Kraujotakos sistemos funkcinio pajėgumo kaitai vertinti nustatytas PD gulint, po standartinio fizinio krūvio (30 atsitūpimų per 45 s). Tyrimo rezultatai. Mūsų tyrimai parodė, kad didelio meistriškumo baidarininkų, besirengiančių startuoti 1 000 m nuotolio rungtyje, dauguma aerobinio metabolizmo rodiklių keturmečiu olimpiniu rengimosi ciklu kito mažai, tačiau O2 vartojimo ekonomiškumas smarkiai padidėjo ir tai lėmė specialaus darbo galingumo didėjimą. Rengiant baidarininkus reikšmingas yra anaerobinių glikolitinių ir alaktatinių energijos gamybos reakcijų skatinimas. Baidarininkams rengiantis pagrindinėms keturmečio olimpinio ciklo varžyboms paskutinių metų ciklas turi būti sudarytas iš vieno makrociklo, nes varžybų laikotarpio pradžioje, pasiekus didelį specialųjį pajėgumą, sudėtinga jį išlaikyti iki varžybų laikotarpio pabaigos, kada vyksta olimpinės žaidynės. Baidarininkų aerobinio pajėgumo rodikliai ir darbo galingumas ties KIR ir LaAS gerai informuoja apie baidarininkų parengtumą startuoti atsakingose varžybose. Didesniam baidarininkų aerobinio metabolizmo pažinimui tikslinga tyrinėti O2 vartojimo raumenyse eigą.

In 1000 m kayak rowing event aerobic energy production amounts from 70 to 80 percent. Due to this fact, training of kayak rowers must include significant amounts of aerobic capacity development. The aim of the research was to investigate aerobic capacity development process during the preparatory period of elite kayak rowers participating in 1000 m event. We performed the study on the content of means and methods of the non-water training load, carried out by Lithuanian champions, World Championship silver medal winners at the beginning of their preparatory period. Change of aerobic capacity was studied using gas analyzer “Oxycon Mobile 781023-052- 5.2”, the training load being performed using kayak rowing ergometer “Dansprint”. November training mezocycle included 5 microcycles: 1) introductory – 5 sessions; 2) increasing training load – 5 sessions; 3) partial recovery – 4 sessions; 4) great training load – 7 sessions; 5) recovery and supercompensation – 4 sessions. Characteristic feature of December training mezo-cycle was a microcycle, devoted to VO2 max increase applying special training load. Characteristic features of February mezocycle were the following: increased number of training sessions up to 8 within microcycles, exercises for creatine phosphate capacity development were included, and application of training load for glycolytic reactions stimulation were initiated. The fifth microcycle was devoted to recovery and supercompensation and included on-stage testings. Within the structure of kayak rowers’ each training mezocycle, characteristic was involvement of introductory and recovery supercompensation microcycles. The carried out investigation demonstrated remarkable progress of kayak rower R.N. during a three months period: VO2 max increased from 56,1 to 67,5 ml/min/kg, working capacity increased from 280 W to 320 W. The study proved effectiveness of kayak rowers’ performed training load, its adjustment to recovery and supercompensation periods in development of kayak rowers’ aerobic capacity.

Research results have revealed that the consumption of dietary supplement Multi Maca had positive influence on athletes’ physical capacity when performing short-duration work; however this increase was not considered to be statistically reliable. Testees’ of experimental group SMCP, AAMP, maximum instantaneous power when performing 10-s duration work, and average power of this work had increased. Our research results demonstrate that consumption of dietary supplement Multi Maca had more influence on experimental group participants’ functional capacity of blood circulation and on indices of aerobic endurance than it had on control group participants.

Aerobic capacity has a great influence on 1000 m kayak rowing event sport result; for this reason, prevailing training loads within yearly cycle are targeted at the development of circulatory and respiratory system and muscles ability to consume oxygen. The aim of our research was to investigate Lithuanian elite kayak rowers’ preparation during yearly training cycle, highlighting the factors of influence on their sport progress, as well as to evaluate the level and evolution of separate body systems and aerobic capacity. The object of the research was the training process of Lithuanian kayak rowers’ (K-2) during yearly cycle preparing for 2013 World Championship, and the change of the kayak rowers’ aerobic capacities. The research was carried out in the first year of Olympic four-year cycle, preparing for 2013 World Championship, where the athletes became the winners of the 10th place in 1000 m event (K-2). Training load, carried out during this yearly cycle, was examined and grouped into 5 zones of intensity. Boat speed, distance and athletes’ heart rate (HR) had been estimated using computer system Garmin Connect Forerunner 910 XT. Work intensity had been evaluated by establishing lactate (La) concentration in capillary blood samples. Gas analyzer “Oxycon Mobile 781012-052-5.2” was used for establishment of the athletes’ aerobic capacity indices at critical intensity limit (CIL), as well as at the limit of anaerobic threshold (AnT). Special anaerobic alactic capacity was analyzed by applying the test of maximal efforts, the work being performed using special kayak rowing ergometer “Dansprint”. According to the results of the research, preparation of the athletes for 2013 World Championship was compiled of one macro-cycle, and possessed characteristic for it features. [...]

The aim of the work was to carry out the study on efficiency of the means and methods, applied for kayak rowers, in their aerobic capacity training. The object of the study were the methods applied to train special aerobic power and endurance in elite kayak rowers. Organization and methods of the study: the study was focused on the process of aerobic power and endurance training methods of elite kayak rowers in their preparation for 2014 World Championship, during their first camping on the water (from February 27 to March 18, 2014). The main methods of aerobic training: alternate, interval, repeated, tempo, and control were under investigation. Planning and implementation of the training program focused on consideration of the level of the athletes’ physical and physiological indices; this level was established by recording the data obtained by kayak rowing ergometer ‘Dansprint’, while the aerobic capacity results used to be registered employing gas analyzer ‘Oxycon Mobile 781023-052-5.2’, following Thodens (1991) methodics. [...]