COVID-19 pandemic has impact on many aspects of social life. Thepaper discusses the potential effect of the pandemic on fertility. It is based on the theoretical analysis of the impact of the past pandemic of modern world (Spanish flu) on the fertility and po-tential mechanisms which will be at play in the post-COVID-19 pandemic fertility tra-jectory. The paper also overviews the most recent demographic fertility and family sta-tistics, which show that fertility and marriage rates decreased in Lithuania significantly during the first year of the pandemic. Thesurvey results from 2021 reveal that fertility intentions in the cohort 1985–89 were delayed by approximately 25%. It is concluded that fertility will be mostly affected by the way the state and society will solve the issues related to gender roles in the family, gender equality in labour market, social capital and trust, all of which had been challenged by the pandemic.

Large numbers of different scientific studies are conducted to preserve the breeds and improve the existing ones by introducing the variability of the plate genes, which best shows the phenotypic characteristics that can improve the health of dairy cattle and the quality of their production. The main purpose of this study was to perform an analysis of genetic variability of Lithuanian cattle breeds. Three subpopulation groups were studied: Lithuanian Black and White (95 individuals), Lithuanian Red (49), and Lithuanian White and Red (48). Bovine genetic material was genotyped using a total of 11 fluorescent microsatellite primers to estimate genetic variability. All loci presented a high degree of polymorphism and a total of 292 different alleles (Na) were detected. Thirty-two private alleles were detected in all evaluated subpopulations. After completing pairwise population assignment, which is based on the distribution of allelic frequencies, three populations showed the tendency to group into three separate clusters. However, the performed Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), which is based on genetic distances, showed no anticipated clear grouping. Bayesian structure analysis revealed three genetic clusters. Analysis of FST (0.001–0.027) and Nei genetic distance (0.029–0.084) revealed that the genetic diversity of inter subpopulation in cattle groups was estimated to be lower than the genetic diversity of intra subpopulation.

Lithuania is slowly stepping forward towards economic, technological and sustainable development in the field of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) as well as Power-to-X (PtE), especially processing of waste into alternative renewable fuels and hydrogen. This will be mostly done by sorting at Mechanical and Biological waste treatment plants and municipal solid waste incineration plants. Waste (municipal solid waste (MSW), refuse derived fuels (RDF), solid recovered fuels (SRF), various types of biomass), not suitable for recycling or recovering but still having energetic value, can be successfully utilised for energy, fuels or chemicals production via thermochemical pathway. So far, two MSW incineration plants have been in operation in Lithuania (in Klaipeda and Kaunas). One more MSW incineration plant is under commissioning in Vilnius. Therefore, some highly qualified specialists and engineers will be required to maintain their operation. Moreover, new more advanced thermochemical conversion technologies, e.g. plasma gasification, has to be developed in order to manage waste in a more sustainable way instead of direct waste incineration.

The aim of the Lithuanian Health Programme is to achieve a longer life expectancy and better public health. It has long been recognised that the digital space can be a proper medium for content designed to influence consumer behaviour. It is likely that well-designed advertising solutions could contribute to improving public health by providing the necessary information and increasing health literacy, which according to various studies, later evolves into better habits. Although we see a lot of different messages on the Internet every day. It is often not interesting and drowned in the abundance of information. Therefore, for some time now in the scientific literature, we have been analysing the advertising medium, to observe the characteristics and functions of content that will contribute to effective advertising solutions. However, research-based insights into the advertising content that could contribute to shaping an indivudual‘s health care habits are still lacking. This paper seeks to answer the question of what types of advertising content contribute to the formation of personal health care habits. For this purpose, an analysis of the scientific literature and empirical research is performed. On the basis of the results of the latter, the contents of advertising solutions that can contribute to primary insights into the formulation of personal health care habits are formulated. In the first part of the paper, the concept of advertising content, as well as the content forms, types and rules are presented. This is done in order to refine the possibilities of using advertising content in the formation of good health care habits. The formation of health care habits is also analysed to reveal the specific details of such habits, which are characterised by the fact that conscious break is required before the automatism inherent in the habit. Such a break is influenced by self-control; furthermore, self-control[...]

Due to the demographic situation in Lithuania, local universities receive fewer Lithuanian students who enter their study programmes. This is the reason why the universities try to enter the international student market and take a share of it by attracting student from abroad to study in Lithuania. Consequently, more study programmes at all study cycles are offered in English. This qualitative research focuses on first year Azerbaijani and Ukrainian students at Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania and their attitudes towards their English skills, because at the time of the research they were studying English as a foreign language (EFL) and English was also used as a medium of instruction (EMI) in their study programmes at the same time. The research, which was based on a printed questionnaire, shows that the research participants were critical towards their English skills. They thought that they had not had enough knowledge of English before their studies at VMU and also were dissatisfied with the level of English they had nine months after that (when the research was carried out). On the other hand, they emphasised that good English skills were necessary for communication and important in their future careers, but to speak in English was reported to be easier than to write. The importance of English in their study programmes taught through English was not mentioned at all. In general, all the Ukrainian research participants wanted to improve speaking skills, while all the Azerbaijani students thought they needed to enrich their English vocabulary.