Tautinio tapatumo raiškos ir raidos tendencijos studentų populiacijoje
| Author |
|---|
Antinienė, Dalia |
| Date | Volume | Start Page | End Page |
|---|---|---|---|
2012 | 107 | 92 | 101 |
Straipsnyje pristatomas studentų tautinį tapatumą atspindinčių nuostatų empirinis tyrimas, kurio tikslas - nustatyti studentų tautinį tapatumą atspindinčių nuostatų turinį, raiškos ypatumus ir palyginti nuostatų pokyčius per pastaruosius keletą metų. Tyrimas atskleidžia, kad nors studentų kraštutinės - nacionalistinės ir kosmopolitinės - nuostatos ir yra išreikštos nestipriai, bet stebimas nuostatų radikalumo didėjimas.
This article presents an empirical research on the attitudes reflecting students’ national identity whose aim was to determine the subject-matter of attitudes reflecting students’ national identity, peculiarities of its expression and to compare the changes of attitudes in the past several years. For the first time, the attitudes of national identity in the population of Lithuanian students were researched in 2004. A total of 712 students from 9 universities, 2 colleges and 2 schools of higher education were surveyed. For the second time, the research was repeated in 2008. 515 students from 5 universities, 4 colleges and 3 schools of higher education were surveyed. The attitudes of national identity were researched using an original anonymous closed-ended questionnaire. The attitudes of national identity were concretized with the help of 33 propositions. The variables were clustered into 2 scales of the attitudes of national identity and 11 subscales applying a factorial analysis. A psychometrical survey approach confirmed that the national identity is a complex and multidimensional concept which involves a view to the use of language, civic commitments, emotional relationship with the nation, etc. With the help of the primary and secondary factorial validation, the following dimensions of attitudes reflecting national identity were determined: cultural and civic commitments to the nation”, “national self-determination”, “anti-ethnocentric attitudes”, “reflection over nationality”, “nationalistic attitude to nationality”, etc. Applying a multi-stage factorial analysis it was revealed that the attitudes reflecting national identity polarize quite clearly into two constituents that sometimes even contradict each other — modern and traditional attitudes towards national identity . Research data from the years 2003 and 2008 allow talking about quietly clear differences of the attitudes reflecting national identity in the students’ population. Comparing the attitudes in the first research and five years later, it was revealed that the agreement with even six of eleven subscales of the attitudes of national identity was significantly statistically changed. The importance of „cultural and civic commitments to the nation“ has risen: young people became more interested in the history of the nation, started to take care more of the preserving of national identity, they have a more developed sense of duty to defend the nation, etc. A belief that national identity of a person is destined by a language and location became stronger, it was noticed more views towards “identification as an outcome of socialization and adaptation”, defined by a cultural- civic view to national identity. Although regarding to the globalization and more rapid migration processes the people willingly become the world citizens, a view towards the possibilities of a national self determination didn’t become stronger but, on the contrary, even weakened. The attitudes reflecting students’ national identity became more nationalistic. Furthermore, the value of factors of national identity was changed. Origins (the nationality of parents) remained in the first place as the main factor defining a national identity of a person, but the importance of the factors such as “taking care of the nation” and “participation in the political life of the nation” has risen alongside the language and the location. After a trial to identify which persons and institutions have the biggest impact on the national socialization of a person and the formation of his / her national identity, and after the comparison of the data of both researches, it was revealed that the most significant carriers of national identity remained the parents and the closest relatives but the importance of a school as an education institution of national identity has risen. That is undoubtedly a positive change. Much factual and meaningfully interpreting material about the state of national identity among Lithuanian students, the levels of the attitudes reflecting national identity, their polarization and developmental tendencies was received in the research.