Straipsnyje analizuojamas subkultūroms priklausančių paauglių požiūris į subkul-tūrų daromą poveikį ugdymo(si) procesui mokykloje bei pristatoma šių paauglių nuomonė apie subkultūrų pripažinimą ir vertinimą visuomenėje. Siekiant giliau suprasti subkultūrų poveikį paauglių ugdymo(si) procesui mokykloje, 2014 m. kovo–balandžio mėn. buvo atliktas bandomasis kokybinis tyrimas. Tyrimo, kuriuo siekta atskleisti alternatyvioms subkultūroms priklausančių paauglių nuomones apie jų subkultūrinio gyvenimo būdo daromą poveikį jų ugdymo(si) pasie-kimams, elgesiui ir bendravimui su mokytojais, rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad šiems paaugliams mokslai sekasi panašiai kaip ir kitiems jų klasės draugams, tačiau, subkultūroms priklausančių paauglių nuomone, aplinkiniai dažniausiai mano, kad pastariesiems mokslai nesiseka. Aplinkiniai neieško kitų šių mokinių nesėkmės priežasčių. Požiūrį į subkultūroms priklausančių paauglių ir visuomenės elgesio tradicijų ir pasaulėžiūros neatitikimą nerekomenduotina traktuoti kaip sąmoningą normų nesilaikymą ar nusistovėjusių taisyklių pažeidinėjimą. Racionaliau subkultūrą pripažinti kaip galimą nusistovėjusios kultūros alternatyvą ar jos atmainą gausioje pokyčių erdvėje.

Aggression is one of the heaviest illnesses of our social life which actively aggravates in the modern society and becomes inseparable part of our life. According to the psychoanalytical model of aggression created by S. Freud and adherents of the biological theory which states that aggression is a consequence of frustration, destruction and instinct of death, a sociological research has shown that the youth aggressiveness takes a form of unsatisfied wishes, reaching one’s ideals, lack of self-expression. It can also be influenced by catharsis – when negative emotions are transferred to another object. The paper analyses youth aggressiveness as well as public attitude formed by the mass media towards the members of subcultures of skinheads and football fans (so-called ultras). The aim of this research is to reveal, sift and describe youth aggressiveness reasons in Lithuania subcultures such as skinheads (nationalist attitude) and ultras (extreme football-fans). [...].

Straipsnyje aptariamas ir analizuojamas asmenų, atliekančių laisvės atėmimo bausmę, individualumas, pasireiškiantis jų išskirtine esama bei prognozuojama elgsena, mąstysena, pasaulėžiūra. Taip pat nagrinėjami faktoriai, lemiantys atliekančių bausmę asmenų išskirtinumą ir individualumą: asmens teisinė padėtis, asmens socialinė padėtis, socialinės perspektyvos, asmens psichologinė, gamtinė prigimtis bei santykis su aplinka.

This paper investigates the employee relations role on the organizational culture formation in Lithuanian companies. It was analysed what influence the employee relations have on the organizational culture formation of a particular company and subculture formation in departments. It is also discussed the practice when managers of many organizations don’t seek to form certain organizational culture, so it can form spontaneously depending on the prevailing relationships among colleagues and among supervisors and subordinates.

Literature to date on the neo-Pagan movement in Russia has focused on understanding the movement as a form of “escape” and evaluating the relative “harm” posed to individuals and society by such organisations. This research focused on the everyday manifestation and reproduction of Slavic neo-Pagan groups in St. Petersburg. The research suggested that, as the Slavic neo-Pagan movement struggled to establish an agreed set of principles and practices, disagreements focused on the relative weight of its ideological and cultural components and that particular communities of neo-Pagans had become organised around their position in relation to these discourses.

Skinhead groups are not ascetic formations withdrawn from the “real”, mainstream world but groups of young people who are profoundly conscious of the world in which they live and are motivated by the need to change it. This desire to interact with and change the world leads to violent street action (in particular attacks on members of ethnic minorities and others who they feel “disgrace” Russia, e.g., homeless people). However, it also means that such groups are responsive to changes in the external environment, and this case study suggested clearly that the increased threat of arrest and imprisonment for both race-related crimes and incitement to racial and ethnic hatred has had a major impact on the performance of skinheads.

Drug use within the youth cultural environment is widespread and unremarkable; this means that drug users can rarely be considered to constitute distinct “subcultures”. In the context of processes of de-industrialisation and marketisation, drugs are a key commodity for sale and exchange. In the tough economic climate of the Russian far north – where geographical location means that hemp and opium based drugs cannot be locally grown, and supply routes are truncated by poor transportation links – they may become a key component of the informal economy. A key finding of this research was that the sale of drugs was one of a range of “hustling” practices – including trade in “acquired” goods and drugs, money-lending and “sorting” disputes – that were widespread among young people, whether or not they used drugs themselves.

The presented report includes an overview of the political and social situation of post-Communist Romania from the viewpoint of establishing the emergence and development of hip-hop as a ‘taste’ subculture. As there were very few detectable traces of the specific literature we needed in Romanian, our pioneering work started with adapting foreign literature in the field to the Romanian realities we faced. The results of our research are quantified, discussed and concluded complete with references and the state-of-the-art.

The punk phenomenon has been both widely praised and criticized. For some, it has been the ultimate expression of youthful anger and rebellion, especially in the 1980s when the United States was once again returning to a white heteronormative value system and mass consumerism. For others, it is evidence of a postmodern condition where any rebellion is systematically appropriated and pacified through the consumer market. Punk subculture(s) have also been widely criticized both for their inability to live up to self-proclaimed ideals of egalitarianism and for their failure to break away from the social norms structuring larger society. In this paper, I take the rise of hardcore punk subcultures in the early 1980s and the diversification of punk, such as Riot Grrrl and Queercore, in the 1990s as a broad historical framework, while analyzing punk discourses throughout punk history in the US. In providing a broader overview of debates in various disciplines this paper aims to address some of the concerns over issues of the “holy family” of social sciences in the US, namely those of gender/sexuality, race, and class, while situating them within a historico-political context. It also discusses the theoretical considerations of subcultural and popular culture studies by analyzing primary and secondary materials within and about punk subcultures. It is common to assume that subculture, by its very nature, implies exclusivity: who is excluded and why may vary, but exclusions remain prevalent. However, in the neoliberal and identity politics era, these exclusions became more subtle even if more frequently addressed. [...]

Hip-hop culture, which started in poor, segregated black communities in the 1970s, has become an international phenomenon. In 1991 Estonia had just restored its independence, becoming free from Soviet power. Alternative values and lifestyles from the West started to arrive and, in the early 1990s, hip-hop culture reached a small provincial town named Rakvere, in Estonia. This research focuses on the glocalization of hip-hop culture in Rakvere. Hip-hop, which originally was the story-telling medium of (mostly black) ghetto youth about personal experiences can be characterised as a neighbourhood-centred, masculine subculture with a great emphasis on authenticity and social criticism. In the analysis, we have concentrated on the following aspects of hip-hop in Rakvere: how neighbourhood-centeredness is manifested in Rakvere’s hip-hop, how it connects with the local mentality, how the gender order in a patriarchal society impacts “making masculinity” and the attitude towards females, what the meaning of authenticity is in the context of Estonian hip-hop, how hip-hop is constructed and maintained and what kind of reactions regarding success-oriented values are created by Estonian hip-hop in a transition society. The research draws on empirical research conducted under the auspices of the SAL project in Estonia – the analyses of hip-hop songs, a series of participant observations and 16 open-ended interviews conducted between November 2007 and Summer 2008.