Vertindami didelio meistriškumo biatlonininkų išvermę parengiamuoju laikotarpiu, išskyrėme du ištvermę lemiančius funkcinius rodiklius: maksimalų deguonies suvartojimą (VO2max) ir judėjimo greitį ties anaerobinio slenksčio riba (VAS). Tikslas - įvertinti šių funkcinių rodiklių informatyvumą vertinant didelio meistriškumo biatlonininkų išvermę parengiamuoju laikotarpiu. Sprėsdami šią problemą pateikėme didelio meistriškumo biatlonininkų, besirengiančių 1984 m. Sarajevo ir 1988 m. Kalgario olimpinėms žaidynėms, bei Lietuvos rinktinės biatlonininkų, besirengiančių 1994 m. pasaulio čempionatui Borovece, rodiklius. [...]

Total time of shooting at readiness in prone position was 30,7±4,12 s. When shooting at readiness in standing position, athletes made their first shot on average in 13,7 s, their second to fifth shots were made in intervals every 2,4–2,5 s. Total time of shooting at readiness in standing position was 25,9±3,12 s. The spread of shooting times is not wide. When assessing the data of individual and sprint races, athletes’ preparation for shooting, and every shot execution, it was estimated that athletes prepared faster and executed the first shot (p<0,001) and other shots when in standing rather than in prone position. During individual race biathletes make their first shot slower and all other four shots faster when shooting in prone position compared to sprint. While shooting in standing position all the shots are made faster in individual race rather than sprint. After studying the data of inaccurate competition shots, it was determined that athletes, when shooting at readiness in prone position, executed more inaccurate shots to the first target (p<0,05), compared to next shots, while shooting at readiness in standing position, executed more inaccurate shots to the fifth, i.e., the last, target (p<0,05). The shooting accuracy of Lithuanian Olympic Team members T.K. is very similar and has no significant statistical differences compared to the average accuracy of elite athletes during the World Cup of 2013-2014 and Sochi Olympic Games. T.K. accuracy at readiness in prone position was 90,1 % while accuracy at readiness in standing position was 70,3%. Total accuracy of T.K. shooting on average was 81,5 %. However the time of shooting in prone position of T.K. is faster (p<0,05) and the time of shooting in standing position has no such statistical importance. Average time of shooting at the readiness in prone position was 27,8 s, while in standing position – 27,7 s.

The results of analysis revealed that a 21-day training camp at the altitude of 1750 m above sea level had a positive impact on functional capacity (p<0,05) of biathletes’ cardiovascular system. Altitude training improved a morphological composition of blood and tolerance to lactate. Special muscular power development in mixed anaerobic alactatic and glycolytic energy production zone with a 30s maximum effort performance on roller skis had a positive impact on athletes’ capacity in different energy production zones. A substantial increase in muscular power rates was noticed during 10, 30, and 60 s tests (p<0,05) - 10s duration rates increased by 9,6% (from 12,5 to 13,7 W/kg, p<0,05); 30s duration mixed anaerobic alactatic and glycolytic capacity increased by 8,8% 9p<0,05) (from 6,8 to 7,4 W/kg).

In the presented article, the possibilities of carrying out the gene-profiling of the power supply process in biathlon, as an example, are considered. The results of genotyping of 31 biathlon-athletes of high qualification on a panel of six polymorphic markers of genes, involved in energy supply processes (ACE, PPARA, PPARGC1A, PPARD, PPARGC1B, and PPARG2),was given. The research was conducted in compliance with necessary ethical criteria: obtaining informed consent from athletes and ensuring the confidentiality of personal information.

In the examined group of biathlon-athletes, the prevalence of allele frequencies was observed: 67.74% D allele of the ACE gene; 77.42% G allele of the PPARA gene; 56.45% Ser allele of the PPARGC1A gene; 74.20% T allele of the PPARD gene; 95.16% C allele of the PPARG2 gene;100.00% C allele of the PPARGC1B gene.

Establishing the genetic potential of each athlete allows determining or refining the molecular mechanisms of inheritance and expanding the theoretical and methodological basis of the process of sports training. At the same time, having determined the differences in the distribution of genotypes in groups of highly qualified athletes, engaged in various sports, it is possible to carry out with confidence the genetic prognosis of success in the group of reserve athletes.

Based on the results of earlier conducted research, analysis of the world experience – an algorithm for managing the selection process of the reserve group athletes and subsequent optimization of their training process – is proposed.