Based on the analysis of modern literature data, an algorithm was formed for the diagnosis and correction of iron deficiency states in sports in general and in the dynamics of the real training process of qualified representatives of Olympic sports, in particular, for further evaluation of the effectiveness of the innovative liposomal form of bivalent iron. To achieve the goal, we used the analysis data and synthesis of research results available in the modern scientific literature on the issue under study, as well as conducting research on assessing the safety and effectiveness of the liposomal form of bivalent iron in the dynamics of the training process of athletes. The article presents modern algorithms for the diagnosis of anemias, in particular iron deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency, presents their laboratory and clinical manifestations, and postulates a negative impact on the effectiveness of the competitive process. The frequency of occurrence of iron deficiency states in the population of Ukrainian athletes has been analyzed and it has been shown that these data correspond to world trends. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 67 athletes, a detailed analysis of the effect of the course use (30 days) of a modern special food supplement “Santeferra” based on ferrous pyrophosphate in liposomal form on indicators of hematological homeostasis and indicators of content, metabolism and transport of iron in representatives of cyclic sports in the dynamics of the training process. Positive shifts in the indicators of the erythrocyte link were found in athletes with a predominantly aerobic mechanism of energy supply, which has a beneficial effect on the oxygen transport function of the blood and, accordingly, on the effectiveness of training and competitive activities of representatives of cyclic sports. Thus, the relatively high frequency of occurrence of iron deficiency states in cyclic sports, especially among female athletes, necessitates serial screening studies and not only therapeutic, but also preventive measures aimed at preventing a decrease in the iron content in the body.

The article notes that the development of oxidative stress and the violation of cellular energy balance is the primary link of the vast majority of systemically-forming homeostatic shifts in the athlete’s body and changes the vital structure and function of cellular and subcellular proteins membrane. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of lipid components of membranes, inhibition of the activity of key glycolysis enzymes, as well as the deterioration of bioenergy mechanisms, result from the accumulation of free radicals due to activation of lipid peroxidation. The protection of the organelles responsible for energy supply from oxidative effects is provided by mitochondrial disconnecting proteins that exist in the myocardium. The development of metabolic ischemia due to the imbalance between the delivery of oxygen to cardiomyocytes and their need for myocardium is accompanied firstly by the inhibition of the process of oxidation of glucose and an increase in the use of fatty acids, and then the accumulation of lactate with the development of acidosis of the intracellular environment and the impairment of the ability of myocytes and cardiomyocytes to relaxtion and contraction. It has been established that strenuous muscle activity leads to the formation of a hypoxic state with its characteristic redistribution and increase of energy, metabolic, structural resources of the body in the interests of the tissue where adaptive adjustments are taking place. The insufficiency of energy generation due to the development of this state leads to the dysfunction of the mitochondrial apparatus, which subsequently causes the violation of the energy supply, antioxidant protection, membrane stability due to intensification of lipid peroxidation and leads to cell apoptosis. This forms a background for the occurrence of fatigue and tension, followed by reduction of physical performance of athletes. The detection of the above changes makes it possible to prevent and correct in a timely manner the negative effects of oxidative stress associated with ultra-intensive physical loads.