Ryšių tarp žmogaus organizmo įvairių požymių paieška yra viena iš aktualių problemų, kurią nagrinėjant galima geriau pažinti tam tikru laikotarpiu irtam tikromis sąlygomis gyvenančio žmogaus vystymosi, egzistencijos ypatumus. Tyrimo tikslas - ištirti 20-22 metų fiziškai ir protiškai aktyvių vyrų fizinio išsivystymo, fizinių gebėjimų ir kai kurių funkcinių rodiklių tarpusavio ryšius. Tirti 36 VPU studentai, kurių amžius buvo 20-22 metai. [...]

Specific qualities of competitive performance observed in different sports demand that athletes demonstrate definite special characteristics. Training and competitive performance provokes different adaptive changes within athletes' organisms. There are some sports giving preference to tall athletes. However in the greater part of sports, remarkable results may be achieved also by medium-height or even short athletes. To compare the specific influence produced by separate sports on athletes' organisms, it would be necessary to choose study groups involving athletes similar in terms of height characteristics. Study purpose was to examine specific characteristics of physical development, physical skills, and definite functions demonstrated by high performance athletes, very similar in their body height yet very different in terms of performed sport activity; and to carry out a corresponding comparative analysis. Our study involved 48 high performance athletes practising different sports. All of them were either member candidates or full members of Lithuanian Olympic Team: kayakers and canoeists (k/c) (n=12); - skiers and biathlonists (n=12); cyclists (n=12); and master team football players (n=12).). There was determined that body height and most other indices of physical development and capacity demonstrated by Lithuanian high performance athletes practising different sports differ slightly. It was only kayakers and canoeists who surpassed others in their body built and muscle power which allowed them to get among the leading athletes of the world. It was found that athletes' muscle mass was closely related to SMCP, AAMP, and high jump indices. Development of the mass of special muscles is one of the vital factors for the improvement of muscle power at short work. The study revealed problems existing in the area of selection and training of Lithuanian high performance athletes. This information may help elaborate further training of athletes...

The programme of swimming is very broad and includes different swimming styles as well as distances. Such a variety determines different methodological approaches to training and conditions various adaptive changes in the body. The aim of the work is to investigate the change in the physical development, physical capacity and functional capacity of high performance young brass swimmer, Lithuanian swimming record-holder, world youth championship prizeman and a member of Lithuanian Olympic team over the four-year Olympic cycle and to compare the acquired indices with the statistical indicators of the Lithuanian national team. The sample of the research included one high performance athlete specialising in brass swimming. The indicators of his physical development and anaerobic alactic muscular capacity in the four-year Olympic cycle were established. Special physical anaerobic glycolytic capacity was investigated applying special ergometer for handwork of swimmers at 60 s maximum work. The functional capacity of circulatory system was also measured. During the four-year Olympic cycle considerable changes were observed in the majority of physical development indices: the height of the athlete rose by 4.5 cm, the body mass increased for account of muscle mass growth (5.7 kg), whereas the fat mass remained almost the same. The hand power and ventilation lung capacity went up significantly. The indices of single muscle capacity and anaerobic alactic muscle capacity changed slightly. As they were relatively high, it was concluded that that fast fibres prevail in the athlete’s muscle structure. The indicators reflecting the level of glycolytic capacities and acquired during the special 60 s hand work capacity test were improving considerably (from 203 to 272 W) and the work endurance parameters demonstrated a considerable increase.[...]

The aim of the research was to analyze the dynamics of physical development and physical capacity of high performance women track cyclists during the four year Olympic period and to search for the interdependence of particular indices of physical development and physical capacity. Three the best women cyclists of Lithuanian Olympic team were tested: cyclist A – the vice-champion of the World Championship, cyclist B – the champion of the World Cup Championship, the champion of the European Youth Championship, cyclist C – the one who makes to the top ten of World women track cyclists. The research was being carried out in the framework of the programme Beijing 2008 for four years. Physical development data were measured. Single muscular contraction power (SMCP), anaerobic alactic muscular power (AAMP), while using step ergometry method, were established aiming to evaluate physical capacity. The 10-s veloergometer test on max exertion was applied aiming to measure special anaerobic alactic powers, the 30-s veloergometer test on max exertion was applied aiming to measure mixed anaerobic alactic glycolytic powers, the 60-s veloergometer test was applied aiming to measure anaerobic glycolytic capacity. THE DYNAMICS of high performance women track cyclists ‘ ind ICES OF physical development AND physical capacity AND their interdependence during the four - year olympic period Assoc. Prof. Dr. Linas Tubelis, Antanas Jakimavičius, Prof. Dr. Habil. Algirdas Raslanas, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rūta Dadelienė, Prof. Dr. Habil. Kazys Milašius Lithuanian Olympic Sport Centre, Vilnius Pedagogical University Summary Functional capacity of blood circulation was estimated by establishing blood pressure while sitting, heart rate while lying for 5 min, establishing its reaction to active orthostatic sample and to standard physical load.

Psychomotoric functions were analyzed by establishing the duration of simple psychomotoric reaction to light stimulus and minimal movement frequency in 10-s. The methods of the research are set out by Skernevičius, Raslanas, Dadelienė (2004). It was estimated that somatic and physiometric indices of physical development of Lithuanian boys of age 15-16, who attend football trainings, are very close to the indices of those of the same age who are less physically active. Analysed young football players did not have high indices of running speed, high jump and quickness. The indices of anaerobic power also were not any higher than those with low physical activity. Comparative indices of VO2max were equal to the data of Lithuanian schoolchildren research. Functional capacity of blood circulation system was at average level. The data of psychomotoric research did not have considerable supremacy over non-trained persons. The very essential problem of football players’ selection and purposeful training have been highlighted. Lithuanian Football Federation and other sport organizations, with the help of scientific institutions, should pay attention to it. Reference value scales of physical development, physical and functional capacity will help to do better selection of youngsters to football schools and to evaluate their preparedness development better.

The aim of our work was to examine physical development, physical and functional capacity of elite Lithuanian kayakers, and to compare data of high physical active persons with not engaged in sports persons. We examined 12 elite Lithuanian kayakers experimental group (age 20-30 years), and 36 20-24 years old student’s control group of Vilnius Pedagogical University. We estimated the main indices of their physical development: height, body mass, the fat muscle mass index, leading hand force, lung volume. To evaluate physical capacity we assessed single muscle contraction capacity, anaerobic alactic muscular power (gas analyzers were used to asses VO2 max). To assess the functional capacity of the circulatory system, we measured the pulse rate at rest, in orthostasis, in response to a standard physical load (30 squatting per 45 s) and after 60 s of recovery. We determined the rate of psychomotor reaction and central nervous system liability by applying a 10-s tapping test. Kayakers body mass, leading hand force, single muscle contraction capacity, anaerobic alactic muscular power, psychomotor reaction, movement frequency indices are far from not engaged in sports persons. Analysis of data showed that high physical active kayakers have exceptional feature of organism. It is necessary to pay attention in selection process and in the process of physical training for preparing high performance athletes.

Physical development of high-performance winter sports athletes must be optimal, and with proper diets athletes must ensure an increased their body’s needs for essential nutrients. Only a scientific evaluation of the athletes’ nutrition status provides the opportunity to adjust, optimize and personalize their diets properly. The aim of the present research was to assess nutrition status (3-day food records), physical development for high-performance Lithuanian skiers and biathletes. Research on the athletes nutrition status and physical development was carried out in the preparatory competition period in 2013. The sample included skiers (n = 14) and biathletes (n = 20). The results showed that nutrition profile of Lithuanian elite skiers and biathletes determines an optimal physical development of male athletes and a moderate physical development of female athletes. Nevertheless, nutrition status of skiers and biathletes does not meet the requirements. This is confirmed by the data that protein intake of athletes does not meet the guidelines, their diets lack carbohydrates and there is too much fat. It was found that the athletes’ nutrition status depends on gender. Male athletes’ diets do not contain enough carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids), vitamin D and contain too much protein, fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. On the contrary, the energy intake of food does not cover the energy expenditure of female athletes, their diets lack carbohydrates, protein, non-essential aminoacid phenilalanine, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins D, A, B1, B2, B12, folic acid and minerals potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper and zinc. In conclusion the nutrition of high-performance winter sports athletes in Lithuania must be optimized, individualized and adjusted according to the gender. Special attention must be paid to nutritional care of female athletes, which nutrition profile does not meet the requirements and can‘t stimulate maximal adaptation of the body to long-lasting and (or) highintensity physical loads.