The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high energy diets, which were elaborated by the study authors, on the change of physical fitness of athletes of various sports. 90 athletes aged 17–30 years participated in the research. They were divided into three groups of 30 each. Our research has shown that prepared high-energy diets, used during 3 months in the preparatory period, per week-long training microcycles, had a greater positive effect on changes in the fitness of elite athletes of various sports compared to changes in the fitness of lower-per-formance athletes.

Trečiame knygos skyriuje aprašomos naujausios sporto treniruotės priemonės, susijusios su fiziologiniu, psichologiniu, ekologiniu poveikiu sportininko organizmui. Kai kurios šių priemonių, pvz., grįžtamasis ryšys sporto treniruotėje, autogeninė treniruotė, tapo labai populiarios tarp sportininkų. Kitoms iš jų, pvz., elektrostimuliacijai, vibracinei metodikai, nors ir gerai žinomoms, dar reikia išsamesnių tyrimų. Taigi, prof. V. Isurino knygoje pateikta informacija yra aktuali, turi didelę teorinę ir praktinę reikšmę šiuolaikinės sporto treniruotės mokslo raidai.

Nutrition provides body with energy and all other necessary substances, especially those that body does not synthesize by itself. His growth, development, health, working capacity, adaptation to various environmental factors, and life expectancy. Depends onto what a person eats. Nutrition of athletes covers general principles of rational nutrition of people, but, due to constant great physical exertion and emotional stress, it acquires specific features. Therefore, athletes greatly focus on rational nutrition and intake of various substances of natural origin that are capable of ensuring athletes with high performance, effective process of recovery and adaptation, and are not of forbidden use. Judo is a sport that requires great physical strength, speed, and agility. The need of judo wrestlers for basic food substances is approximately the same as it is with other athletes – 55–60% should be carbohydrates, 25–30% fats, and 15–20% proteins. Thereby, when preparing judo athletes for important competitions in avoiding unfavourable consequences, the study of actual nutrition is undoubtedly relevant. Only upon assessing the nutrition of athletes, it can be coordinated with the organized training and performance at competitions. In Kazakhstan, the results of studies on athletes’ nutrition have shown that their actual nutrition does not always correspond to the requirements for rational nutrition of athletes. Among scientific researches of athletes’ nutrition, data on actual nutrition of representatives of different kinds of combat sports, including judokas, are insufficient. The actuality of this issue has determined the purpose of the study. The purpose of the work is to evaluate actual nutrition and provision with the necessary nutrients of judo athletes of various sport skills. [...].

Today, requirements for the major functional systems of athlete’s body are extremely high in sports training. Evidence show that, during physical exercise, human body must maintain the proper concentration of vitamins, as well as macro- and microelements, which are subjected to regulate metabolic and body adaptation to training load processes. All mineral elements are directly or indirectly involved in the processes of regulation of metabolism, thus, they must be received via food intake. Organism of an athlete is in greater demand for macro- and microelements due to a greater loss of salts resulted by great training loads. Usual order of vital processes is often being disturbed not only by lack of minerals, but by their surplus or misbalance as well. Many different ways exist to determine concentration of body minerals. One of the most advanced ways to study mass fraction of chemical elements in hair is X-ray fluorescence method. Hair is a favourable biological substance for such studies and has numerous advantages: a sample is taken without damage for an athlete, storage of a biological substance does not require any special equipment, and it does not deteriorate for an unlimited period of time, while information about the hair content is obtained in 30–40 min. Among the numerous publications, dealing with macro- and microelements influence on human body, several publications present results of the influence of physical loads on the concentration of such substances in hair or blood serum, however, there is a shortage of scientific works, dealing with the influence of multivitamins complex on macro- and microelements in physically active person’s hair. [...].