What challenges does globalization pose for Lithuanian education in the diaspora communities—especially in relation to a diversity of conceptions of Lithuanian identity and the way these conceptions have historically changed both in the diaspora and in Lithuania itself? It is the thesis of this paper that in meeting these challenges Lithuania should create a history that would fortify the national resilience of Lithuanians dispersed throughout the world. This resilience is impossible without a conscious resuscitation of historical and cultural memory and without the strengthening of ethnopolitical identity, two tasks that should decisively augment the content of Lithuanian education too often limited to the preservation of the Lithuanian language. When Lithuanians emigrating abroad take the principles of civic and cultural participation that they’ve brought with them and harmonize these with the traditions of cultural and political expression they find in the receiving country, they can conquer that country not only by not losing their own identity but also by expanding the latter into a more complex construction combining the identities of several countries. Today the tasks of Lithuanian education abroad are not to be separated from the tasks of changing the educational content of schools in Lithuania. Hopes for the longevity of the diaspora cannot be exclusively exhausted by the goals of getting people to return and returning. Therefore the existing arsenal of teaching the Lithuanian language must be renewed and enriched by the results of better efforts at collective memory and (self) knowledge of the Lithuanian national character.