aThe report analyzes several texts that have not been used up until now: lectures related to the teaching of historical methodology at Vytautas Magnum University. It is argued that the problem of historical methodology in interwar Lithuania cannot be treated as a positivism-anti positivism dilemma. In reality the situation was more complicated and pluralistic. The influence of objectivism that was felt from the times of Leopold von Ranke is noted. Emphasis is placed on the influence that historian Jonas Totoraitis had on historian Zenonas Ivinskis. It is argued that Juozas Jakštas devoted the most attention to historical methodology. The author of the report does not draw any far-reaching conclusions and emphasizes the necessity to use wider sources and methods in the study of the Lithuanian history in the postwar period.

The modern geological science has determined the glaciation centres in Fennoscandia from which the familiar boulders have travelled to Lithuania during at least 6 glaciations. This may cause a fallacy that Lithuania has not got its own boulder rocks. Actually they exist in the crystalline basement at a great depth (0.2-2.3 km) which can be reached only by drilling. The crystalline basement is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks which in Fennoscandia are exposed on the surface of the earth. The intensive land reclamation and expansion of agrarian lands as well as different construction works and building of roads have considerably reduced natural areas. Timely attempts have been taken to preserve some natural boulder fields by giving them the status of reserves. The largest and most beautiful boulders as well as boulders with mysterious marks or boulders mentioned in various legends were given the status of geological monuments. The largest to be mentioned are: Puokė stone (Skuodas district), Puntukas stone (Anykščiai district), Kriaučius stone (Kelmė district) and others. The Puntukas stone is discussed in greater detail. The capacity of Puntukas is about 155-160 m3 and its weight is more than 400 t. Puntukas is a ternary monument: natural, archaeological and fine arts. It is assumed that the first inhabitants of Lithuania after glaciation might have seen the recessive glacier and avalanche, solifluction and glacial karst phenomena which were indirectly described in some stories. Boulders represent a natural part of Lithuanian identity.