Large numbers of different scientific studies are conducted to preserve the breeds and improve the existing ones by introducing the variability of the plate genes, which best shows the phenotypic characteristics that can improve the health of dairy cattle and the quality of their production. The main purpose of this study was to perform an analysis of genetic variability of Lithuanian cattle breeds. Three subpopulation groups were studied: Lithuanian Black and White (95 individuals), Lithuanian Red (49), and Lithuanian White and Red (48). Bovine genetic material was genotyped using a total of 11 fluorescent microsatellite primers to estimate genetic variability. All loci presented a high degree of polymorphism and a total of 292 different alleles (Na) were detected. Thirty-two private alleles were detected in all evaluated subpopulations. After completing pairwise population assignment, which is based on the distribution of allelic frequencies, three populations showed the tendency to group into three separate clusters. However, the performed Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), which is based on genetic distances, showed no anticipated clear grouping. Bayesian structure analysis revealed three genetic clusters. Analysis of FST (0.001–0.027) and Nei genetic distance (0.029–0.084) revealed that the genetic diversity of inter subpopulation in cattle groups was estimated to be lower than the genetic diversity of intra subpopulation.

Lithuania is slowly stepping forward towards economic, technological and sustainable development in the field of Waste-to-Energy (WtE) as well as Power-to-X (PtE), especially processing of waste into alternative renewable fuels and hydrogen. This will be mostly done by sorting at Mechanical and Biological waste treatment plants and municipal solid waste incineration plants. Waste (municipal solid waste (MSW), refuse derived fuels (RDF), solid recovered fuels (SRF), various types of biomass), not suitable for recycling or recovering but still having energetic value, can be successfully utilised for energy, fuels or chemicals production via thermochemical pathway. So far, two MSW incineration plants have been in operation in Lithuania (in Klaipeda and Kaunas). One more MSW incineration plant is under commissioning in Vilnius. Therefore, some highly qualified specialists and engineers will be required to maintain their operation. Moreover, new more advanced thermochemical conversion technologies, e.g. plasma gasification, has to be developed in order to manage waste in a more sustainable way instead of direct waste incineration.

Due to the demographic situation in Lithuania, local universities receive fewer Lithuanian students who enter their study programmes. This is the reason why the universities try to enter the international student market and take a share of it by attracting student from abroad to study in Lithuania. Consequently, more study programmes at all study cycles are offered in English. This qualitative research focuses on first year Azerbaijani and Ukrainian students at Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania and their attitudes towards their English skills, because at the time of the research they were studying English as a foreign language (EFL) and English was also used as a medium of instruction (EMI) in their study programmes at the same time. The research, which was based on a printed questionnaire, shows that the research participants were critical towards their English skills. They thought that they had not had enough knowledge of English before their studies at VMU and also were dissatisfied with the level of English they had nine months after that (when the research was carried out). On the other hand, they emphasised that good English skills were necessary for communication and important in their future careers, but to speak in English was reported to be easier than to write. The importance of English in their study programmes taught through English was not mentioned at all. In general, all the Ukrainian research participants wanted to improve speaking skills, while all the Azerbaijani students thought they needed to enrich their English vocabulary.

The vital activity of organisms is regulated by biochemical processes. Even minor disruptions or incorrect intervention in these processes leads to serious, often irreversible, consequences. The study of the cholinergic system and its modulators is of particular interest. Reasonable influence on the metabolism of acetylcholine can help in solving a wide range of veterinary, medical, and fundamental biochemical problems. Currently, not all mechanisms of biological effects on the cholinergic system have been studied. Limited laboratory methods are the main obstacle to further study of these processes. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies can most often be questioned due to the significant influence of external factors, high variability of variables, and difficulties in processing large volumes of biochemical data. In recent years, more and more researchers have emphasized the need to introduce new methods and research methods in the area of biological sciences. Without innovative approaches in applied research, it is no longer possible to obtain a reliable and satisfactory result. It is necessary to set a goal to find and develop safe modulators of the cholinergic system both in the direction of catalytic reactions and its inhibition by using the methods of computational biology. Existing software products give positive results in solving highly specific issues, but they do not offer a comprehensive solution to the existing problems of biomodelling. This article examines examples of the existing modelling techniques and considers the possibility of creating a universal software product for the integral construction and analysis of the cholinergic system.

In order to solve the problem of conservation and enhancement of biodiversity to improving human health care, research of medicinal (aromatic) plants have scientific and practical significance not only in Lithuania, but in the whole world (14, 17). In these plants accumulate various biologically active compounds. Biologically active compounds of plant origin are used for production of new preparations in pharmaceutical industry and medicine for the treatment of various diseases; development and use of functional ingredients in the food industry (1, 15). To solve this problem in Lithuania are caried out complex, interdisciplinary researches, project activities and studies. Research object – Medicinal (Aromatic) plants (MAP‘s) diversity of Asteraceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) family. The aim of research to investigate the diversity of different genus of Asteraceae (Bercht. & J. Presl) family; to perform comparative analysis of data and to determine the possibilities of their practical application.

The study discusses the application of preservation and transformation translation strategies in the process of translating headlines of articles in the National Geographic Lithuanian translations from the source language [English]. The choice of the given strategies has been justified by the findings of the former study of the present authors [JankauskaitÎ &DaugÎlaitÎ 2014], according to which, these are the most common techniques employed by translators. The authors studied 155 headlines in three English and the corresponding Lithuanian issues of the journal. A contrastive descriptive analysis has been employed as a research method to compare English [SL] and Lithuanian [TL] structures on the lexical and syntactical level. Preservation makes up 84 cases in all examined headlines. The latter technique is observed when an item is translated directly or is maintained as in ST only with some phonological changes. Transformation is employed in 25 headlines. Transformation is an alteration or distortion of the original [Davies 2003: 86]. A translator decides to use this strategy when it is difficult to understand the real meaning of an item of the ST but which cannot be left out.