Kalendorinių švenčių diskursas tarpukario Lietuvos periodikoje

Abstract

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas kalendorinių švenčių diskursas 1918–1940 m. Lietuvos Respublikos periodiniuose leidiniuose lietuvių kalba. Siekiama išsiaiškinti šio diskurso specifiką, ją lėmusias priežastis ir diskurso poveikį realioms švenčių tradicijoms. Atskirai aptariamos to meto periodikoje dažniausiai minėtos kalendorinės šventės: Kalėdos, Naujieji metai ir Velykos, išskiriamos atskiros šių kalendorinių švenčių diskurso siužetinės linijos. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į miesto ir kaimo švenčių vaizdavimo ypatumus, skirtingų leidinių atitinkamo diskurso pobūdį ir jo kaitą keičiantis realaus gyvenimo aplinkybėms. Tyrimo metodai: kokybinė turinio analizė, sisteminimas, interpretavimas. Tyrimą finansuoja Lietuvos mokslo taryba (sutarties Nr. VAT-30/2012)

The article analyses the discourse of calendar holidays in the Lithuanian periodicals of 1918–1940. The aim of the research is to find out the specifics of this discourse, its causes and effects on actual celebration of the holidays. The Lithuanian periodicals of 1918–1940 were analysed as the source of the research. The selection of newspapers included those representing official policy of the country during the interwar period (i.e. “Lietuva” and “Lietuvos aidas”) and, for comparison, those representing the attitudes of other popular political parties of the period and had big printrun (i.e. “Lietuvos žinios” and “XX amžius”). Research methods that are used: qualitative analysis of the content, systematization, interpretation. The research coincide with the theoretical approach of social constructionism that all social phenomena (including understanding traditionalism of different holidays and their customs) are social constructs. It also supports the theoretical insights of Stuart Hall, who claim that the media is functioning in favour of the dominant ideology of the time which determines specific interpretations of events, as well as Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw’s views maintaining that the media indicates what to think and what to think about it. Performed analysis of the publications shows that the publications of the interwar period paid exclusive attention to three celebrated holidays – Easter, Christmas and New Year. Other specific calendar days compared to these mentioned holidays were rarely distinguished. [...]