Kanklininkų rateliai kaimo jaunimo muzikiniam švietimui
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
LT |
| Date |
|---|
2012 |
Straipsnyje apžvelgiama ir analizuojama kanklininkų ratelių sklaida Lietuvoje XIX a. II pusėje - XXI a. pr. Pirmieji skambinimo kanklių rateliuose faktai žinomi iš Užnemunės. Ambraziejaus, Bonaventūro ir Valentino Kalvaičių veikla Šakių aps. padėjo pagrindą pirmųjų kanklių ratelių užuomazgai Zanavykijoje, Suvalkijoje, vėliau - Aukštaitijoje ir visoje Lietuvoje. XIX a. II pusėje - XX a. I pusėje lietuviškumo simboliu buvo pasirinktos Suvalkijos krašto kanklės. Jos pradėtos modifikuoti ir platinti po visus Lietuvą. Ypač šio tipo kanklės XX a. I pusėje prigijo Aukštaitijoje. Jas pamėgo jaunimas ir inteligentija. Kankliuota ne tik rateliuose, bet ir namuose savo malonumui. Paskutinius porą dešimtmečių, ypač Aukštaitijoje, jaučiamas modifikuotų tradicinių suvalkiečių, o Žemaitijoje - tradicinių žemaitiškų kanklių renesansas. Kaimuose ir miesteliuose susibūrė nemažai įvairių kanklininkų ratelių. Jų veikla itin prisideda prie kaimo jaunimo muzikinio švietimo.
Nowadays kankles players groups held in Skriaudziai, Uzpaliai, Mazeikiai and Kaunas region play a very large role in the Lithuanian ethnic culture. The organizers, eachers, and leaders of kankles players groups have formed a number of different kankles players circles in various areas of Lithuania. Their work has contributed greatly to the rural youth's musical education. Itisdesirablethatallthevillagesandtownscommunities raise such enthusiasts, organizers and leaders as in the past. It would be helpful to increase youth employment and their cultural and ethnic identity. Maybe then, the young ones would not emigrate, and would work for their country. Then we would not be afraid of globalization!
While Lithuanian state is rapidly integrating into the European Union, the duty of every citizen is to maintain his/her nation's ethnic and cultural identity as well as in all possible ways to promote the country's cultural, artistic, and spiritual values. Ethnic music is a unique, however slowly dying, virtue. Today only young people can intercept, pursue and protect the nation's spiritual values as well as ethnic and cultural identity. The first facts about kankles players groups are known from Uznemune. Kalvaitis' activities in Sakiai district laid the foundation for the first rudiments of kankles players' circles in Zanavykija, Suvalkija, later in Aukstaitija (Highlands) and all over Lithuania. Kankles instruments of Suvalkija region were chosen as Lithuanian symbol in the second half of XIX century and the first half of XX century. Kankles started to be modified and spread through all Lithuania. In particular, kankles took root in Aukstaitija (Highlands) in the first half of the twentieth century. They were popular among young people and intellectuals. Kankles used to be plaid anywhere and on various occasions: weddings, funerals, in churches, harvest festivals, song festivals and so on. Kankles were played not only in clubs but also at home for fun. It is considered to be as a renaissance of kankles, especially traditional Suvalkietiskos kankles that have been modified in Aukstaitija (Highlands) and traditional Zemaitiskos kankles in Zemaitija (Samogitian) for the last couple of decades. There were formed a number of different kankles player groups in villages and towns. Their work contributes to the rural youth's musical education.
Earlier and nowadays it was and it still is played by West Aukstaiciai (Highland) and Zemaiciai (Samogitian), North-West Zemaiciai (Samogitian), Suvalkieciai in kankles player groups. The outstanding promoters, organizers and teachers of kankles of the first half of XIX century in Suvalkija were P. Puskunigis, J. Strimaitis, J. Alenskas, K. Orlauskas, K. Banionis, A. Degutis, and in Aukstaitija (Highlands) were S. Rudis and O. Rudiene. Kankles player groups' founders and organizers in the second half of XX century and at the outset of XXI in Suvalkija are J. Vylius, A. Cesiene, O. Patronaitiene; in Aukstaitija (Highlands) - O. Rudiene, R. Daniuniene, A. Motuziene and L. Liaugaude; in Zemaitija (Samogitia) - J. Dobrovolskiene. Continuing a long tradition of playing kankles, the main focus in developing ethnic culture, ethnic and cultural identity is in Kaunas, Utena, Mazeikiai, Siauliai and Silute districts. Educators develop young people's musical abilities and literacy through kankles playing in kankles players' circles. Kankles have freshen up their movement in Lithuania for the last one hundred years: we can notice, that these instruments at the very beginning were at a play. Kankles spread from small villages and went to the public; it has been started to play these musical instruments in bigger communities and in towns. Kankles players groups spread widely through all Lithuania. Kankles players groups made a large impact not only on Lithuanian villages, but also on the whole Lithuanian nation cultural development. People playing in kankles players groups not only learn to play with our antique cultural instruments, but also are familiarized with music reading, learn new melodies, dances and songs, in this way they expand their horizons and spread the beauty of musical art to everyone.
The results of the analysis prove how various ethno cultural, ethno musical, historical, political events, economical factors, civilization changes and the globalization have changed the traditions that have been developed through the centuries. Until the first half of the XX century men took main positions in playing kankles, it was about 96% of all players, and approaching to nowadays, we can clearly see, as R. Apanavicius states, a continually rising tendency of feminine kankles players (Apanavicius, 2009, 85-86). In the beginning of the XXI century, only 12% of teachers and leaders of kankles players' groups are men, and 88% are women. This is considered to be as a big innovation, because women did not play the kankles until the beginning of the XX century at all. The manufacturers of instrument kankles, promoters of this instrument, as well as the founders and leaders of kankles players groups were men.