Sergančiųjų narkomanija socialinės reabilitacijos ypatumai

Abstract

4. Explore the attitude of individuals using psychotropic substances towards the means ol social psychological help. 5. Give recommendations regarding the organisational effectiveness the creation of the complex social psychological rehabilitation services and assistance to individuals using psychotropic substances model. The methods of research: 1 . Analysis of statistical sources; 2. Analysis of scientific sources; 3. Analysis of Lithuanian laws regulating the organisation and provision of social psychological help to individuals using psychotropic substances. 4. The overview and analysis of the foreign countries experience. 5. Questionnaire survey. 6. Summarisation and analysis of the gathered data. 7. The methods of research: 1 . Overview and analysis of the scientific sources. 2. Observation. 3. Structural interview. 4. Written speech. 5. Summarisation and quality analysis of the gathered data. Drug addiction is one of the most important social, economic and political issues in Lithuania. It is becoming more and more widespread and younger and younger people are using drugs. Other social issues like AIDS, prostitution, suicides, violence, black money, crime, smuggling, and human trafficking are also related to drug addiction problem. According to mental health centre, every year in Lithuania it is registered more and more people that have a drug addiction problem. Health care institutions have only the records of the addicts who came for help or were registered under other circumstances and the real numbers are not known (National drugs checkup and drug prevention program, 2004—2008). In 2003 in Vilnius district 69 031 individuals having addiction problems were registered, 4689 — having drug addiction problem. The biggest numbers of drug addicts were in Vilnius — 2114, that's 45 % of all the registered drug addicts in the country. In the year 2003 135,2 drug addiction cases were registered for every 100 thousand people living in the country. 48 registered drug addicts died in 2003 because of the drugs. Psychological and social research work done in these latter years shows that the most vulnerable part of society is children and youth. Children don't have a lot of life experience and they can easily fall into the trap and start using the drugs. Curiosity, contemporaries influence, lack of activities, alienation in the family are the main causes of the first time for the drug usage. Gradually it turns into a habit and that's how the addiction develops. According to M. Gossop, for the bored teenager drugs give the excitement and also the perspective of being recognised. Drug addiction in our country is the youth problem and drugs are part of their life. If you analyse the statistics, the biggest threat for our society is that younger and younger people use the drugs. Also young people are treated for quite serious addictions for strong drugs. In 2003 the total number of drug addiction patients was: 0.1% — 14 years and younger, 7.7% — from 15 to 19 years old, 27.4% - from 20 to 24 years old, 38.1% - from 25 to 34 years old. In 2003 in total 73.3% of all the addicts were 35 years old and in 2005 the number has risen up to 76.3%. Drug addiction amongst school children aged 15 to 16 years old in Vilnius district in 2003 was 22,7%. Comparing with other areas in Lithuania, in 2003 in Vilnius district drug addiction was 2,8 times greater than the country's average (382,3). According to the Lithuanian AIDS centre, the total number of AIDS infection cases registered in Lithuania from 1998 to 2004 was 845. 46% from them were amongst people aged from 15 to 30 years old. In Vilnius district 145 AIDS infection cases were registered. In 2003 in Vilnius Addiction diseases centre 64 teenagers were treated from an abstinence syndrome. However, at the moment in Lithuania there are no continuous rehabilitation and social integration treatments for young people having drug addiction problems. Also there is no centralised teenager monitoring system in the country. Another thing there is a lack of collaboration and unity among the institutions that treat people and their families having drug addiction problems. Over the three years in various towns in Lithuania 16 rehabilitation centres for drug addicts were established. However, they don't treat individuals younger than 18 years and also there are no programs for youths' social integration. According to the research done by the Social security and work department in 2003, the established centres lack qualified specialists and premises are not suitable for rehabilitation purposes. Also services in those centres are quite expensive and they there's no guarantee that the treated individual will be integrated successfully into the society after the whole treatment process. Another problem is that not enough time and effort is spent to work with the relatives and family members of those being treated. Also these factors are a barrier for a successful patients' integration into the society. According to Children Rights Protection worker, there is a big lack of social assistance and rehabilitation centres both for children that use the drugs and also for their parents. Quite often families that have to face drug addiction problems find themselves in a very difficult situation (they don't know where to go for assistance and how to help their child etc.). It must be noted as well that there are quite a few preventive programs in the country; however there is a problem of communication and collaboration between the different institutions. At the moment there is no integral system, that would help fight with illegal usage of drugs. There are gaps in the information and education area for society and especially parents. There is a big lack of qualified specialists (children therapists, psychologists, social workers) that would provide a qualified assistance and do a preventive work for the individuals having drugs addiction problems and help their families as well (2005 Lithuanian Children Rights protection department's activity report). According Children protection department worker there are not enough specialised organisations in the country that would create suitable conditions to treat young people who have drugs addiction. Also there are not so many stationary drug addicts' rehabilitation centres that could provide help to a child. Meanwhile the latter are in a big need for a long-term psychological - social rehabilitation services. That's the reason it is vital to establish a long-term rehabilitation and social integration system for children that have drug addiction (children must have an opportunity to get suitable medical, social and psychological rehabilitation services). According to the data gathered by Lithuanian Government Drugs control department, up till 2005 Lithuania was one of the few countries, that didn't have any research done on how the drugs were widespread in society. In European Union this kind of research is done on a regular basis for the last 10 years. It is recognised that facts based information about the drug usage and the consequences caused is one of the most important means in tackling the drug addiction problem (Lithuanian Government Drugs control department Yearly Report, 2005). In September, 2004, in Ukmerge district, Leno village, the first Children and Youth social rehabilitation and integration centre was established. It provides complex long-term social and psychological rehabilitation services for children that have drug addiction problem. It has been noticed lately that younger and younger people are using drugs and that fact makes it very important to look at this issue from the scientific point of view and to try and reveal the peculiarity of psychological rehabilitation that is required and also prepare the recommendations for the expansion of the existent social services. The main concepts used in the work: 1. Rehabilitation of the individuals that use psychotropic substances - that's a process, during which appropriate medical, psychological and social services are provided with the intention of helping these individuals to stop using alcohol, drugs and other similar substances and also to recreate their abilities to connect to their family and society in general, and successfully integrate themselves back into the society. 2. Social integration of the individuals that use psychotropic substances - it is the system of actions and measures that help the individual to become a member of society with full rights again. 3. The recovery process for the individuals that use psychotropic substances - that's a process of developments and improvements that progress from the main, elementary to structural sobriety teaching exercises. The course of this progression starts from abstinence and goes towards the productive and drug free lifestyle. 4. Drug addiction: a. It is the craving for drugs that has an effect of giving vou a short term positive emotions. There are three syndromes thai are typical for a drug addict: changed reaction, and mental and physical dependence syndromes (Krisciunas A.. 2002). b. Mental disease caused by the drug and other psychotropic substances abuse and that develops inio both physical and psychological dependence from those substances and also is the cause of other negative medical, legal and social consequences. (Lithuania Drug control order (Zin.. 1997, Nr. 30-711)). 5. Psychotherapy: a. (gr. psychotherapka - soul treatment) is the treatment for psychological, emotional and psychometric disorders and diseases by using psychological methods and applying verbal and non-verbal communication (www.It.wikipedia.org ). b. Treatment methods that enable to understand and change feelings, thoughts and behaviour that prevents the individual from feeling good. The goal of psychotherapy is to teach the patient to find the more appropriate and better ways of solving problems (Dilingas H., Reimeris Ch., 2000). 6. Psychotropic or mind affecting substances - substances that change the chemical reaction in the body that cause behavioural and cogitative disorders , changing the emotional state and are the source of addiction. In the theory part we analyze how individuals abusing psychotropic substances and social rehabilitation are described as well as the goals and methods. In our work we did two researches. In the first one we tried to find out the effectiveness of the already established rehabilitation centres. In the second one we were researching the features of motivation, psychological attitude and personality of the children that use psychotropic substances and how those fearures affect the organisation part of social psychological rehabilitation process. The goals of the work: 1. Define the social and demographic features of the individuals that use psychotropic substances. 2. Explore Lithuanian laws that regulate the organisation and provision of social psychological help to individuals using psychotropic substances. 3. Gather and summarise the experience of providing social psychological rehabilitation help for individuals using psychotropic substances in foreign countries.