Fuzariozės paplitimas vasarinių kviečių pasėliuose

Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a harmful wheat disease which is caused by Fusarium fungal pathogen. It can decrease grain yield and quality. This disease has become of increasing international importance in recent years. Fusarium head blight is of the most common diseases after mildew and rust (Jackowiak et al., 2005). The aim of study was to determinate infection of Fusarium head-blight in spring wheat head and grain in different districts of Lithuania. To evaluate the impact of various environmental and anthropogenic factors on Fusarium distribution. Spring wheat grain samples were collected at harvest during 2013–2014 from 11 districts of Lithuania. FHB incidence and severity in spring wheat were evaluated at late milk stage. Fusarium fungi were identified by their morphological characteristics (Leslie et al., 2006). FHB incidence of spring wheat at late milk stage varied from 3.8 % to 80.8 %, severity from 0.7 % to 12.7 %. The higher severity level was found in 2013. The main reason – better meteorology conditions for disease spread (warm and moist weather) compere to 2014 year. Most affected southwestern (Šakiai – 80.8 %; Vilkaviškis – 52.3 %, less – west part (Kretinga – 11.3 %, Mažeikiai – 3.8 %) part of Lithuania. By averaged data spring wheat grains were damaged by Fusarium spp.: 1.1 % in 2013; and – 0.8 % in 2014. In wheat market permissible limit of Fusarium damaged grains is ( ≤1.0 %), therefore in 2013 higher then permissible limit was found in 36.7 % 2014 and 32.0 % in 2014. These results indicate that the problem of Fusarium infection in wheat is relevant because damaged grains cannot be used for stage of production. Spring wheat in Lithuania mainly was affected by F.avenaceum and F. graminearum species. In first year F. avenaceum (19.9 %) were mostly detected, in the second year of research – F. graminearum (15.9 %), but both species dominated between other Fusarium species.