The composition and quality of milk when feeding cows in a non-balanced diet

Abstract

The composition and quality of milk is one of the most important questions on a private cow farm. Milk quality indicators, effecting health of the society, depend upon the health state of cows, hygiene of the udder, nutrition, genetic characteristics, proper milking conditions and other factors. Cow feeding with a fodder dose could not satisfy the needs of nutrients and energy. Indicators of milk quality include the general bacterial contamination, the number of somatic cells, inhibitory substances and freezing milk temperature .The aim of research was to examine how inadequate cow nutrition influences milk composition and quality. Composition of milk from private Šimkuvienė‘s cow farm has been analysed on the basis of data received from the Public Institution „Pieno tyrimai (Research of milk)”. On a private Šimkuvienė‘s cow farm there have been observed differences in milk quality and composition for three years. Taking into consideration the quality of milk the following upper limits are being observed: the general number of bacteria is 100 thousand /cm3, the number of somatic cells is 300 thousand/cm3. Statistical program ANOVA has been used for the summary of results. We found out that inadequate nutrition had influenced the quantity and number of proteins, fat and somatic cells. We observed lower alternations in quantity of proteins and fat in every 30-40 days. The increase on somatic cells is higher in winter. Conclusion: Inadequate nutrition of cows when there is shortage of ration and nutrients make the quality of milk worse.