Analysis of Hydolases Activity for Bio-indication of Soil Fertility Related to Different Management of Agro-Ecosystems

Abstract

Extracellular enzyme activity is proposed as universe index of soil fertility and contamination. To ascertain and to make a comparison of bioactivity variation during vegetation period, soil (Hapli-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVgp- w-ha), Albi-Epihypogleyic Luvisol (LVg-p-w-ab), and Hapli-Albic Luvisol (LVe-ha), artificial drainage) samples collected from rotation fields of different fertilizing and farming systems, namely extensive (ExF), conventional (CF) and organic (OF)) at the Aleksandras Stulginskis University during 2007–2009. The objective of this study was to determine the soil bioactivity responses (saccharase and urease activity) on different land management systems and main recourses of ecological factors such as soil genesis type, content of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N), and C/N ratio. The trial was comprised of eight experimental plots (three land management systems and two or three crops groups: legumes, gramineous, oilseed rape; and bare fallow). The lowest mean of urease (1.13 mg NH4 +–N g–1) and saccharase (8.40 mg CG g–1 24 h–1) activity was observed in abandoned grassland soil where mineral fertilizers were not applied. A general increase of hydrolytic enzymes activities has been observed in soil under conventional (144–413% of urease and 49–50% of saccharase) and 142 Soil Microbial Ecology organic (219–269% of urease and 78–221% of saccharase) management as compared with abandoned grassland. A strong correlation between enzyme activity and SOC (r = 0.7) was determined. Therefore, it can be concluded that farming management and soil fertility might be responsible for the different level of enzyme activities in soil.