Trace Metal Budgets for Forested Catchments in Europe—Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn
Author | Affiliation | |
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Bringmark, Lage | ||
Date |
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2013 |
Input/output budgets for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the years 1997–2011 were monitored and determined for 14 small forest-covered catchments across Europe as part of the Integrated Monitoring program on the effects of long-range pollutants on ecosystems. Metal inputs were considered to derive from bulk deposition, throughfall and litterfall. Outputs were estimated from run-off values. Litterfall plus throughfall was taken as a measure of the total deposition of Pb and Hg (wet + dry) on the basis of evidence suggesting that, for these metals, internal circulation is negligible. The same is not true for Cd. Excluding a few sites with high discharge, between 74 and 94 % of the input Pb was retained within the catchments; significant Cd retention was also observed. High losses of Pb (>1.4 mg m−2 year−1) and Cd (>0.15 mg m−2 year−1) were observed in two mountainous Central European sites with high water discharge. All other sites had outputs below or equal to 0.36 and 0.06 mg m−2 year−1, respectively, for the two metals. Almost complete retention of Hg, 86–99 % of input, was reported in the Swedish sites. These high levels of metal retention were maintained even in the face of recent dramatic reductions in pollutant loads.
Journal | IF | AIF | AIF (min) | AIF (max) | Cat | AV | Year | Quartile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION | 1.685 | 2.649 | 2.125 | 2.93 | 3 | 0.627 | 2013 | Q2 |
Journal | IF | AIF | AIF (min) | AIF (max) | Cat | AV | Year | Quartile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION | 1.685 | 2.649 | 2.125 | 2.93 | 3 | 0.627 | 2013 | Q2 |
Journal | Cite Score | SNIP | SJR | Year | Quartile |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution | 3 | 1.078 | 0.771 | 2013 | Q2 |