Grikių biometrinių rodiklių ir technologinių savybių įtakos kombainų darbo rodikliams tyrimas = Research of the influence of buckwheat biometric indicators and technological characteristics on the combines "Harvesters"working indicators
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
LT |
| Date |
|---|
2009 |
Tirta veislių ’Vokiai’ ir ’Smuglianka’ grikių biometriniai rodikliai ir technologinės savybės, turinčios įtakos kombainų darbo rodikliams dorojant grikių grūdų derlių. Įskaitant augalų pagulimą ir grikių biometrinius rodiklius nustatytas racionalus grikių ražienos aukštis, kuris veislės ’Vokiai’ grikiams yra 40 cm, o veislės ’Smuglianka’ – 50 cm. Grikių pjovimas paliekant aukštą ražieną, sumažina kombaino kuliamosios apkrovimą 43– 45 %. Tai leidžia padidinti kombaino darbinį greitį, tuo pačiu ir našumą. Tirtas grikių drėgnio ir masės kitimas pagal augalų aukščio zonas kas 10 cm. Tyrimams naudoti glifosu desikuoti ir nedesikuoti ’Smuglianka’ veislės grikiai. Piktžolėtumas įvertintas nustatant desikuotų ir nedesikuotų grikių grūdų švarumą kombaino SR 500 grūdų bunkeryje. Įvertinant grūdų ir visos grikių masės santykį, šiaudų drėgnį, ražienos aukštį, analitiškai nustatytas įvairių tipų kombainų racionalus darbinis greitis, kuriam esant visiškai panaudojamas kombaino leistinasis laidumas.
The rational operating speed of combine harvester SR 500 is 3.04 km∙h-1 when harvesting desiccated ’Smuglianka’ variety buckwheat and 1.81 km∙h-1 when harvesting not desiccated plants of buckwheat.
The biometric indicators and technological characteristics of buckwheat varieties ’Vokiai’ and ’Smuglianka’, which have influence on harvesters working indicators during buckwheat harvesting, were analysed. Such biometric indicators as the height of the plants, the number of side branches of one plant, the distance from ground surface to the first cluster with the grain and other indicators first of all depend on the biological characteristics of the plants and the agrotechnical and meteorological conditions during buckwheat vegetation period. However, such technological buckwheat characteristics as humidity, lodging of plants (downpours or storms lay down more plants) depend mainly on meteorological conditions during buckwheat harvesting. Buckwheat lodging is affected by agrotechnics (for example, plants density in unit of area) and plants biological characteristics (varieties; tetraploidic and diploidic) too. The weed quantity of buckwheat crops mostly depends on agrotechnics but also meteorological conditions during plants vegetation period have influence on it. The rational buckwheat stubble height was determined respect to the plants lodging and biometric indicators of buckwheat. Buckwheat harvesting leaving the stubble height of 40–50 cm reduces the loading of combine harvesters thresher by 43–45 per cent. The humidity of buckwheat and mass changes were analysed according to the plants height zones. Desiccated and not desiccated ’Smuglianka’ variety of buckwheats was used for this research. Under influence of desiccation of buckwheat, total mass reduction coefficient of mass plants was 1.3 (for grain of buckwheat this coefficient was 1.13, for straw – 1.19 and for chaff – 1.79). The humidity of desiccated buckwheat grain decreased by 9 % in comparison with not desiccated grain of buckwheat. The influence of buckwheat humidity, mass and harvesting height on the operating speed of different combines’ harvesters’ was analysed.