Evaluation technology of sowing into stubble of crops

Abstract

The effect of working parts of three stubble seeding-machines – Horsch C06 (HCO), John Deere 750A (JD), Vaderstad Rapid RD-300C (VR) – on seedbeds, straw cover on soil, plant germination, growth and yield was experimentally evaluated in the article. Comparative investigation on seeding was carried out in 2003–2005 in stubble soil of light loam. After raking straws, greater amount of plants germinated and bushed out, but wintered worse. As a result in spring the differences in amount of sprouts among versions of spread and raked methods were statistically unreliable (317 units/m2 and 333 units/m2). The yield of winter wheat varied in 6.26–7.12 t/ha limits and did not differ significantly among sowing versions. In this article there are presented investigations about sowing by experimental sowing machine ES into stripped stubble, laying straws into widened inter-rows. The following variants were used: sowing into untilled stubble, sowing into rolled stubble and sowing into tilled stubble. In order to compare, the Horch C06 sowing, the sowing into ordinary stubble, covered by small straws, and the sowing into stubble with straws raked and loosened by stubble cultivator Ražienis-3 investigated. The biggest straw cover of soil is after sowing by direct experimental sowing machine ES-2 and after rolling the stubble. After sowing by experimental sowing machine, straws were laid down into inter-rows in 20–25 width stripes. Soil hardness of different variants differs most in spring in sowing depth, mostly affected by straw cover. At the end of vegetation the difference between hardness is minimal. While sowing into stripped stubble by experimental sowing-machine ES-2 using the mentioned variants, the yield was 7–8 % smaller comparing with sowing by Horsch C06.