Mašininio miško kirtimo kompleksinis vertinimas

Abstract

Pastaruoju metu Lietuvos miškuose sparciai diegiama mašinin miško kirtimo technologija. I nauja technika investuojamos didel s l šos, tod l svarbu, kad ji teiktu didžiausia nauda. Tyrimo tikslas buvo kompleksiškai ivertinti mašininio miško kirtimo efektyvuma Lietuvos salygomis, atsižvelgiant i technologinius, ekonominius, ekologinius bei socialinius veiksnius. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje šiuo metu labiausiai paplitusios didel s galios (skirtos plyniesiems kirtimams) ir vikšrin s medkirt s bei medkirt smedvež s. Daugiausia kertama plynuju pušynu ir eglynu biržiu. Palyginamomis salygomis (vienodos kertamos medžiu rušys ir vienodas kertamas stiebu turis) didel s galios medkirt s darbo našumas yra 10–20 proc. didesnis negu vikšrin s medkirt s bei 40–70 proc. didesnis negu medkirt s-medvež s. Palyginamomis salygomis pigiausia yra medienos ruoša vikšrine medkirte. Didžiausi kaštai – kertant medkirte-medveže. Medžiu nupjovimo, šaku gen jimo, sortimentavimo ir sortimentu sud jimo blogesn s kokyb s, dirbant medkirt mis, didesnio sisteminio nuokrypio nenustatyta. Nuvažiuojant nuo valksmu sausose augaviet se didesn s žalos dirvožemiui nepadaroma. Medkirciu mašinu naudojimas mažina užimtuma medienos ruošoje, didina socialini šios veiklos patraukluma, gerina dirbanciuju sauga

Recently, the new fully mechanized technology of forest operations has been implemented in Lithuania. The new machinery requires substantial investment which is expected to bring the greatest benefit. This benefit is determined by various technological, economic, social and environmental factors. The objective of survey is to carry out an integrated assessment of the machine efficiency in Lithuanian conditions, taking into account economic, ecological and social factors. The harvesters of high power (for clear cutting) and excavator-based harvesters as well as harvester-forwarder are the most common ones in Lithuania. Clear cutting of pine and spruce stands prevail in Lithuania. The labor productivity of high power harvesters is by 10 to 20 percent higher than that of excavator-based harvesters and by 40 to70 percent – than that of harvester-forwarder under the same working conditions (the same tree species, and equal volume of harvested stems). The lowest harvesting cost has been determined for excavator-based harvesters. The harvester-forwarder incurs the highest harvesting cost. There is no significant systematic deviation towards bad side of tree cutting, pruning, assortment quality when the operations are done by harvesters. The using of harvesters for forest operations reduces the quantitative employment in logging, but increases social attractiveness of the activity, improves the safety and increases the productivity of workers