Oro taršos mažinimas galvijų fermose
| Author | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Date |
|---|
2008 |
Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus nustatyta, kad tvartuose labiausia aplinkos oras teršiamas amoniako dujomis. Kitu kenksmingu duju iš m šlo išsiskiria salyginai mažai. Intensyviau v dinant patalpa, duju koncentracija ore maž ja greitai. Taciau did jant v dinimo intensyvumui, pagal tiesine priklausomybe did ja amoniako emisija. Padid jus v dinimo intensyvumui du kartus, amoniako emisija i aplinka padid ja apie 26 %. Didžiausia amoniako emisija pusiau gilioje karvid je yra nuo paviršiu, užterštu skystesniu m šlu (216 mg/(m2·h)), o boksin je karvid je – virš m šlo tako (170 mg/(m2·h)), kai iš jo m šlas stumiamas skreperiniu transporteriu. Maž jant temperaturai tvarte, ženkliai maž ja amoniako koncentracija, maž ja ir emisija. Oro temperaturai tvarte nukritus iki 0oC, amoniako koncentracija buna artima 0 ppm. Kompostuojamo m šlo rietuv je temperatura kinta l tai: jo temperatura padid ja vidutiniškai 0,51oC per para. M šlas ikaista iki temperaturos, artimos 60oC. Tod l siekiant sumažinti amoniako emisija, geriausia butu m šla, ikaitusi iki tokios temperaturos, ataušinti. Norint sumažinti atmosferos tarša amoniaku iš tvarto, rekomenduotina mažinti tvartu v dinimo intensyvuma, iš tvarto reikia kuo greiciau pašalinti gyvuliu m šla, ypac srutas, mažinti vaikšciojimo taku plota, šalinant m šla iš tvarto i m šlide, reikia siekti, kad šviežio m šlo kontaktas su aplinkos oru butu kuo mažesnis ir m šla kuo mažiau maišyti.
According to the results of the accomplished experimental study, it was determined that ammonia gas is the main pollutant of environmental air in cow-houses. There is a relatively lesser proportion of other harmful gasses, emitting from manure. When a room is intensively ventilated, concentration of gases in air speedily decreases. However, when ventilation’s intensity rate increases, ammonia emission increases linearly as well. While the intensity of ventilation increases twice, ammonia emission to atmosphere increases by approximately 26 %. The highest rate of ammonia emission in a semi-deep cow-house is from the surfaces, polluted with more liquid manure (216 mg/(m2·h)) and in a box-type cow-house it is in the above manure pathway (170 mg/m2h), when manure is moved out by a scraper-type loader. When air temperature in a cow-house decreases, both ammonia concentration and its emission markedly decreases. When air temperature in a cow-house drops to 0oC, then ammonia concentration is close to 0 ppm. Alternation of air temperature in a stack of digested manure is slow: therefore an increase rate is approximately 0,51oC per day. The temperature of manure can reach nearly 60oC. Therefore, with a purpose to reduce ammonia emission, it would be useful to cool self-heated manure. Pursuing reduction of atmospheric air pollution with ammonia in a cow-house, it is recommended to reduce the intensity of ventilation indoors; cattle manure and especially slurry should be removed from a cow-house as soon as possible; it is advisable to reduce the total area of pathways; during the process of manure moving towards its storage it is advisable to lessen the contact of warm manure with environmental air and avoid its mixing.