Does motivation to change unhealthy behaviour differs according to disease? Comparing cardiac and musculoskeletal patients

Abstract

Background: The objective of this investigation is to compare ischemic heart disease and musculoskeletal disease patients‘ motivation to change unhealthy behaviour and its changes during rehabilitation according to the effect of motivational interviewing sessions. Methods: A quasi experiment design was employed for this study. Patients were recruited in Abromiskes rehabilitation hospital during the period of 2013-2016. Study‘s sample consisted of 362 ischemic heart disease patients and 134 musculoskeletal patients. All of them were systematically randomised to experimental or control groups. Motivational interviewing sessions were used as an intervention for patients in experimental group seeking to help them to change unhealthy behaviour. Readiness to Change Questionnaire was used as a measure of motivation to change smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation. Findings: Pearson chi-square test showed that motivational interviewing helps to strengthen motivation to change alcohol consumption (p = 0.033), physical inactivity (p = 0.008), diet (p = 0.035) but not smoking (p = 0,107) for ischemic heart disease patients. Moreover, Pearson chi-square test showed that motivational interviewing makes no impact for musculoskeletal patients‘ motivation to change health behaviour (p > 0.05). Discussion: In conclusion motivational interviewing helps to change health behaviour for ischemic heart disease patients but not for musculoskeletal. It shows that there has to be different rehabilitation program according to the disease and not only in physical way but in psychological as well.