Atributinių ir predikatinių junginių su būdvardžiais dažnumas ir struktūra sakytinėje kalboje

Abstract

Tyrimo tikslas ‒ remiantis natūralios kalbos analize, aprašyti sintaksinių būdvardžių funkcijų skyrimo kriterijus, aptarti atributinių ir predikatinių junginių su būdvardžiais struktūrą bei dažnumą sakytinėje kalboje. Tyrimo metu taikomas tekstynų lingvistikos metodas. Tyrimo šaltinis – Vytauto Didžiojo universitete sukurtas morfologiškai ir iš dalies sintaksiškai anotuotas 225 000 žodžių Sakytinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas, apimantis 80 valandų suskaitmenintų ir specialiomis programomis apdorotų garso įrašų

The paper aims at a description of the distribution and frequency of predicative and attributive adjectives in natural spoken Lithuanian, with the main focus on the identification criteria for adjective syntactic functions and the structure of combinations with predicative and attributive adjectives. The study was based on syntactically annotated data (i. e., 225,000 words; 80 hours of digitalized audio recordings) of the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian (developed at Vytautas Magnus University); a methodology of corpus linguistics was applied. Following traditional Lithuanian grammar, an adjective may function as either an attribute or a predicate depending on its position in a sentence: if an adjective precedes the agreement controller, then it is considered to be an attribute (e. g., geras vaikas ‘good child’), while if it is placed after the agreement controller, then it is a predicate (e. g., vaikas geras ‘child [is] good’). The position of an attribute before the agreement controller and the position of a predicate after the agreement controller are neutral and unmarked; however, presently a different viewpoint is frequently expressed, namely, that the word order of predicative and attributive combinations can be determined by the intentions of communication [3]. Furthermore, the word order is not strict and grammaticalized in the Lithuanian language [19], thus, when analyzing spoken language, the criterion of the word order is not always appropriate. In this work, the functional usage-based model is applied and the syntactic functions of the adjective are determined on the basis of the situation, the context, and the intonation of an utterance. Results of the study highlighted that adjectives usually appear either in single-word utterances or multi-word utterances with or without the agreement controller.[...]