Veiksniai, lemiantys paauglių sprendimų siekiančios trumpalaikės terapijos trukmę

Abstract

Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti, kokie veiksniai lemia konsultacijų skaičių, būtiną paauglių problemoms spręsti taikant sprendimų siekiančios trumpalaikės terapijos metodą. Tyrimas atliktas vaikų globos ir sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami 73 (12–18 metų) tiriamųjų, kuriems tokios konsultacijos padėjo, duomenys. Tyrimui naudoti metodai: standartizuota apklausa paauglių problemoms vertinti, Eysenck asmenybės vertinimo klausimynas, konsultanto vertinami pokyčiai sprendžiant paauglių problemas. Nustatyta, kad 60,3 proc. paauglių vienokius ar kitokius sprendimus rado per dvi ar tris konsultacijas. Mažesnis konsultacijų skaičius, būtinas sprendimams rasti, taikant sprendimų siekiančią trumpalaikę terapiją, susijęs su silpnesniu rigidiškumu, mažesnėmis subjektyviai vertinamomis problemomis ir paauglio gyvenimu su tėvais (ne vaikų globos namuose). Ranginė regresinė analizė parodė, kad mažiausiai konsultacijų sprendimams rasti prireikia tiems paaugliams, kurie gyvena su tėvais, į specialistus kreipiasi pagalbos savo noru ir nemano, kad jų problemos labai sudėtingos, save vertina geriau

The objective of the study was to identify factors related to the number of solution-focused brief therapy sessions required to solve adolescents’ problems. The study was conducted at the foster care and health care institutions. The sample consisted of 73 adolescents (41% of males, 59% of females), aged 12 to 18 years, who achieved high level of therapeutic progress during solution-focused brief therapy. Respondents from foster care institutions made up 47% and from health care institutions – 53%. The study design included: (1) an initial evaluation, where adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment and personality traits were evaluated as well as information on demographic characteristics and type of referral for therapy was collected; (2) solutionfocused brief therapy was carried out. In the first session, information on the type and severity of the problem presented for the therapy and motivation to solve the problem was collected; (3) the effectiveness of solutionfocused brief therapy was evaluated. Standardized interview for the evaluation of psychosocial adjustment of adolescents was used to evaluate the difficulties of adolescents’ psychosocial functioning. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to evaluate adolescents’ personality traits. Therapist’s evaluation of improvement was used to evaluate the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy. The analysis of results showed that 60.3% of adolescents needed two to three solution-focused brief therapy sessions to solve their problems. Lower number of sessions needed to achieve a solution was related to lower level of psychoticism, lower level of subjectively evaluated problem severity, and living with parents (as the opposite of living in foster care institutions)