Influence of meteorological factor on the Monarda didyma L. vegetation rhythmics

Abstract

Every plant has its own specific consistent phenophases change, so called seasonal rhythm of development. The change in a single growing season is the rhythm of vegetation. Seasons change in Lithuania is apparent, so here seasonal rhythmic patterns of growing plants depend on the meteorological conditions. Monarda didyma L. is introduced plants from North America, therefore its adaptability to grow and accumulate biologically active compounds in Lithuanian climatic conditions are observed in Kaunas Botanical Garden [Lina Jankauskaite, 2006]. Aim: To determine the Monarda didyma L. vegetation rhythmic dependence on meteorological factors. Tasks: 1. To assess the influence of climatic factors on the Monarda didyma L. vegetation rhythms. 2. To compare qualitative composition of the determined compounds in a raw of Monarda didyma L. collected in 2012 and 2013 years. Materials and method: Subject of this research is Lamiaceae family member Monarda didyma L. It grows in Kaunas Botanical Garden, Vytautas Magnus University. Vegetation rhythms of Monarda didyma L. and meteorological factors dependence, were observed during 3rd growth phase, flower bud phase, 1st, 2nd and 3rd flowering phases, seed formation phase. Consideration was given to what was the air temperature, rainfall and calculated hydrothermal coefficient of 2012 and 2013 Year. HTC (hydrothermal coefficient) was calculated using the formula: HTC=H/0,1ΣT10. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel. Results: There were air temperature and rainfall similar, in 2012 and 2013, so calculated HTC was almost the same. Coefficient in 2012 was 1.62, while in 2013 it was 1.56. Hydrothermal coefficient greater than 1.5 indicates excessive moisture that year. As the meteorological factors differ just a little, differences between Monarda didyma L. phases changes in 2012 compared to 2013 are negligible. In view of the days of the year, it was observed that M. didyma.[...]