Ekonominės gerovės matavimo makroekonominių rodiklių sistema

Abstract

Prisiminkime pagrindinę ekonomikos mokslo problemą – pasirinkimo problemą. Žmonijos poreikiai yra begaliniai, o ištekliai riboti. Jau nuo senų laikų gerovė, jos sukūrimas esant ribotoms galimybėms – štai kas valdė daugumos ekonomistų protus. Ekonomikos moksle atsirado net atskira atšaka – gerovės ekonomika. Nepaisant to, iki šiol ekonominė gerovė nėra pakankamai nagrinėjama makroekonominiu aspektu. Pagrindinis ekonominės gerovės matavimo rodiklis makroekonominiu lygmeniu yra bendrasis vidaus produktas, kuris pats savaime nėra geriausia priemonė gerovės matavimui. Todėl šiame straipsnyje bandoma patobulinti šį rodklį, jo pagrindu sukuriant makroekonominių rodiklių sistemą. Straipsnyje aptariama originali ekonominės gerovės matavimo makroekonominių rodiklių sistema. Remiantis sukaupta teorine ir praktine medžiaga, įvertinant ekonomikos teorijos ir gerovės ekonomikos principus, jame analizuojami ekonominės gerovės matavimo makroekonominiai rodikliai

Main object of this research is system of macroeconomic indicators for economic welfare. Main goal is to analyze possibilities to measure welfare by macroeconomic indicators. In trying to achieve main goal main task should be resolved – to offer the system of indicators to measure economic welfare in macroeconomic view. In wish to choose some indicators to measure economic welfare in macroeconomic view the most attention was paid to sources of thought of different historical schools of economic thought (mercantilism, physiocrates, historical school of economics, marginalism, Austrian psychological school as a part of it, neoclassical theory, mathematical school). As a result, if it is wished to create the system of indicators to measure economic welfare all possible indicators should be allocated into two groups: wealth and wealth founding indicators; distribution and distribution founding indicators. That is so because wealth itself could not ensure welfare. It is important to distribute it too. Also it cannot be forgotten what any economic model will be ineffective if it is only static. Dynamical aspect should be evaluated as well. Offered system is based on two main parts: static and dynamic. Static part shows existing situation. Dynamic part evaluates tendencies. Every part includes two parts as well: wealth indicators and distribution indicators. Both part of economic welfare are embraced in such way of analysis. Mentioned model concludes seven macroeconomics indicators: GDP (Gross Domestic Product), inflation, unemployment rate, labor productivity, income distribution indicator, taxes indicator and social payments rate. Some of the indicators are modified; some of them (such as inflation and unemployment) have restrictions