Manganese and iron exposure through drinking water and birth outcomes in Kaunas
Date |
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2008 |
Manganese and iron are essential trace elements, but elevated concentrations in drinking water may impair drinking water quality and produce unfavorable health effects. In the current study, we examined whether chronic women exposure to the trace elements concentrations, exceeding hygiene limits, have an effect on birth outcomes. We conducted a population based case-control study and analyzed low birth weight (LBW), term low birth weight (term LBW) and preterm birth incidence in Kaunas offspring. Data of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed, that term LWB was associated with increased manganese and iron exposure. Adjusted odds ratio was 1.70; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.71. This study provides evidence that exposure to manganese and iron though drinking water may have effect on birth outcomes.