Žmogaus laisvės samprata šv. Tomo Akviniečio veikale „Summa theologiae“ (II dalis)

Abstract

Šiame straipsnyje toliau tyrinėjama šv. Tomo Akviniečio žmogaus laisvės samprata veikale Summa Theologiae. Straipsnyje analizuojama liberum arbitrium galia ir valia, kurios, pasak Tomo, reprezentuoja žmogaus laisvę. Sykiu mėginama persvarstyti, ar pamatuoti argumentai teoretikų, tvirtinančių, kad Tomo mąstyme įvyko pokytis žmogaus laisvės klausimu, lyginant ankstyvąjį-vidurinįjį ir vėlyvąjį kūrybos laikotarpius.

The article continues the analyses of St. Thomas Aquinas’ conception of human freedom in his most important work Summa theologiae. It consistently researches the Summa in the same way as in the first part of this article. Three Summa‘s parts are analyzed – Prima Secundae, Secunda Secundae and Tertia Pars. The article steps over chronological mark that is pointed out by theoreticians arguing the change of Thomas’ reasoning on the issue of human freedom (D.O.Lottin and B. Lonergan). According to them, namely Prima Secundae and another late text – the 6th question of De Malo – represent changed Thomas’ reasoning on the issue of human freedom in comparison with early-middle and late periods of his work. The purpose of the article is to analyze further the Aquinas‘ conception of human freedom, the nature and action of power of liberum arbitrium and free will as well as to find out whether the arguments of change theoreticians are grounded. According to them, the concept ‚liberum arbitrium‘ „disappears“ from its usual and even essential ontological discourse in Thomas‘ late texts, and while analyzing the interaction of reason and will in the free action he attributes greater importance to the will compared with the reason, and so he moves towards voluntarism. [...]