Vaiko interesų pirmumas dirbtinio apvaisinimo kontekste
| Author |
|---|
Juškevičius, Jonas |
| Date | Issue | Start Page | End Page |
|---|---|---|---|
2007 | 21(49) | 105 | 119 |
Debatuose dėl dirbtinio apvaisinimo teisinio reguliavimo į pagalbą pasitelkiama individo teisių kalba. Viena ar kita individo teise paremtas argumentas gali pateisinti vienokį ar kitokį požiūrį į dirbtinį apvaisinimą. Šiame kontekste susikerta skirtingų individų skirtingos teisės ir interesai. Dažniausiai yra akcentuojamas porų, kenčiančių nuo nevaisingumo, noras turėti savo ar bent iš dalies savo biologinių palikuonių, tačiau būsimo vaiko interesai ir teisės dėl įvairiausių priežasčių yra nutylimi. Žmogaus teisių doktrinoje jau antras dešimtmetis konsoliduojasi vaiko interesų pirmumo principas, kuris suteikia galimybę įvertinti vaiko interesus ir teises atsižvelgiant į ateitį ir kuris laipsniškai įžengia į debatus, susijusius su dirbtinio apvaisinimo technologijomis. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami vaiko interesų pirmumo principo taikymo aspektai dirbtinio apvaisinimo technologijų teisinio reguliavimo kontekste. [...]
The language of individual rights is generally invoked when discussing the legal limits for assisted reproduction techniques (ART). The argument based on a particular individual right could justify a particular stance on assisted procreation. In that highly controversial area collide different rights and interests of all subjects involved. Usually in these debates a desire of adult individuals for genetically related offspring is highlighted, meanwhile the rights and interests of the future child are neglected. The fact that interests of the child were left out of consideration was conditioned both because of the strong influence of reproductive medicine professionals and the legal uncertainty of a child to-be-born. Recently, a novel category of the human rights law - the principle of „the best interest of the child“ is gradually entering into the debates. The principle enables to evaluate the interest of the child in the perspective, and it seems that the employment of that principle in the area of assisted reproduction is highly appropriated in order to avoid one-sided discussions and conclusions and to highlight the perspective of the children being created by ART. There could be identified two aspects of the child welfare in the assisted reproduction: medical and psycho-social. The psycho- social aspect of the child welfare especially confronts with the practice of heterologous ART which meets the needs and wishes of adult infertile individuals. Recent follow-up studies disclose many vulnerability aspects of donor conceived offspring which induce legal scholars to re-think long held views about heterologous conception. Moreover, the provisions of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child on child welfare oblige to do that.