Ekleziologijos savitumai ekumeninėje perspektyvoje

Abstract

Dvidešimt pirmajame amžiuje krikščionių pasaulyje jaučiamas tiek teorine, tiek praktine plotme vykstantis ekumeninis dialogas. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama katalikų ir stačiatikių suartėjimo perspektyva ir aptariama pagrindinė bendrystės kliūtis – skirtinga ekleziologija. Tiek stačiatikiai, tiek katalikai pripažįsta, kad popiežiaus institucija kol kas yra svarbiausias abiejų Bažnyčių ekumeninio dialogo klausimas

The notion of the Church was the object of the hottest discussions among Eastern and Western bishops. Western and Eastern Churches from the very beginning differed in liturgical rites, understanding of dogmas, formation of administrative structures. But these differences did not hinder the unity, they even enriched all the Church. The tension because of different understanding of the Church lasted until 1054 when the patriarchy of Constantinople declared his separation from the Church of Rome. The important reason for the separation was the Byzantine caesaro-papism that influenced the notion of the Church. After the Lyon II and Florence Councils followed a long period without an open dialogue which started only in recent times. In the 20th century, discussions on ecumenism appeared in the Christian world. Together with them, efforts to seek for union among different Christian denominations started. Both Churches came very close during the Second Vatican Council. Great preparations were made for that. In 1927 Oriental Institute was founded in Rome. It dealt with oriental problems. Later Pope John XXIII, opening the Vatican II, announced ecumenism as one of the most important priorities of the Council. The second pope of the Council, Paul VI spoke that not only the Eastern Church was guilty for the great separation. They inspired inner changes and new outlook on the separated. The Second Vatican Council was a big breakthrough in the relations of Western and Eastern Churches. In spite of a started nice dialogue, recent situation in the East concerning ecumenism is not very promising. Though Eastern theologians understand Church in a very similar way to the Catholics but they disagree about the Catholic understanding of the Pope’s institution and its jurisdiction. The Church is described as a community of believers, the unity of freedom and love. Such descriptions do not reveal the true essence of the Church.[...]