Проблема сохранения культурного своеобразия восточных территорий в период II Речи Посполитой

Abstract

Трансформационные процессы после инкорпорации западных территорий Белоруссии и Украины во II Речь Посполитую затронули не только социально-политическую, но и культурную стороны жизни автохтонного населения, которое рассматривалось польским руководством как основной элемент ассимиляционного воздействия. Окончательной целью проводимой на этой территории правительственным лагерем политики «восточных кресов» было закрепление за Польшей присоединенных земель через постепенную полонизацию и ассимиляцию коренного населения.

Spread of national and cultural movements in the middle of the 1920-th in the territory of the 2-nd Rzecz Pospolity eastern provinces that successfully began to resist the polonisation process of the region, called for the necessity of creating national establishments of national lore, history and economy, summoned to arouse national self-consciousness and bring up local patriotism among different sections of native population, preserve authentic forms of national cultures, unite and include all the society of Western Belarus into the process of national heritage study. The foundation for agenda of the West-Belarussian local lore, history and economy movement, represented by social associations, student companies and museums of locale lore, history and economy, was the “krai” conceptions, that underlined cultural, intellectual and economical independence of the 2-nd Rzecz Pospolity eastern territories, which were considered by the Polish authorities to be separatist tendencies. That is why the conversion of Polish state’s national and cultural politics afer 1926 to the foundational principles of regionalism was directed towards the suppression of national minority protests against assimilation policy. Usage of the regionalism postulates by the 2-nd Rzecz Pospolity authorities in practice in the struggle with national and cultural movement on the West-Belarussian territory didn’t achieve expected results, however it contributed to the process of creating its own national organizations of locale lore, history and economy, and arousing among local population, striving for preservation historical values and values of the West-Belarusian arts. That caused stricter state’s attitude to the national and cultural politics in this region. In spite of the development of local lore, history and economy movement of national minorities in 1921-1939 within the framework of Polish lore, history and economy movement and ideology of Polish regionalism, it made a significant impact on the following stage of establishing independent scientific research of the given region cultural heritage, but already within the framework of national states.