Seinų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Apsilankymo bazilika : dailės ikonologija

Abstract

Seinų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Apsilankymo bazilika – vertingas, bet Lietuvoje beveik nežinomas, Lenkijos šiaurės rytuose esantis kultūros paveldo objektas, kuriame vykusiai dera renesanso, baroko, istorizmo elementai. Pagrindinis šio straipsnio tikslas – ištirti Seinų Švč. Mergelės Marijos Apsilankymo bazilikos didžiojo ir šoninių altorių, kitų vidaus interjero įrenginių struktūros, kompozicijos bei dekoro ypatybes, atskleidžiant pirminę bazilikos ikonografinę programą, taigi atsižvelgiant į laikui bėgant įvykusius pasikeitimus. Straipsnyje aptariama Seinų bazilikos istorinė raida; glaustai apibūdinami interjero erdvės ypatumai; išsamiai nagrinėjama jos daugiasluoksnė idėjinė programa, kuriai būdinga visumos darna; išaiškinamos idėjinės programos sąsajos su bazilikos fundatoriais ir perstatytojais

The Basilica of the Visitation of The Blessed Virgin Mary in Seinai is a valuable object of cultural heritage in the north-eastern Poland, a unique monument of architecture and art of the renaissance, baroque and historicism periods. The interior and exterior of the church represent the common past and history of the two neighbouring nations – Lithuanians and Polish. The basilica is important not only for its architectural and artistic value, but especially for a significant historic value. This church, located on the territory of Poland, is little known and poorly explored by Lithuanian art historians. Basic written material about the basilica is available only in Polish, however, the church is described in a sketchy way and the information is mostly orientated to tourists. There is no research on architectural, artistic and historic-memorial value of this object of cultural heritage. There are few articles in Lithuanian; however, they focus on several different objects of the basilica in Seinai. In this article all objects of sacral art of the basilica in Seinai are viewed as one overall piece of art: the peculiarities of structure, composition and décor of the great altar, lateral altars and other interior elements of the basilica are analyzed and the overall primary iconographic programme is disclosed. Therefore, the explored object is the sacral art of The Basilica of the Visitation of The Blessed Virgin Mary in Seinai. The aim of the article is to reveal the iconology of art of the basilica in Seinai. Stylistic analysis and iconographic-iconological methods are used to achieve this goal. Undoubtedly, the historical context is important for the disclosure of the authentic primary iconographic programme. The first church in Seinai was built in 1602, but it was located in a different place than today’s church. The second renaissance church was built in 1610 by Dominican monks settled in Seinai. [...]