Mistinė Vienio patirtis Plotino ir L. Wittgensteino filosofijoje

Abstract

Šiame straipsnyje, vertinant filosofiniu požiūriu, analizuojama Vienio samprata Plotino ir Ludwigo Wittgensteino darbuose. Vienio, kaip antbūtiškos, tačiau Būtį apimančios ir jai ontologinį pagrindą suteikiančios Tikrovės pa-tirtis, būdinga šių autorių filosofijai, įvardijama kaip mistinė patirtis. Plotino ir Wittgensteino tekstai straipsnyje interpretuojami ne kaip atspindintys tą pačią filosofinę teoriją, o kaip iš skirtingų perspektyvų besigilinantys į tą pačią Vienio suvokimo problemąir papildantys vienas kitą. Straipsnio tikslas – lyginant Plotino ir Wittgensteino idėjas išskirti pagrindinius Vienio suvokimo bruožus, įvardijant būties, mąstymo ir valios vaidmenį siekiant mis-tinės Vienio patirties

The article deals with the perception of Plotinus’ mystical experience of Oneness in parallel with Wittgenstein’s conception of mystical feeling of the whole world. In the article, the texts of Plotinus and Wittgenstein are interpreted not as reflecting the same philosophical theory, but as questioning the same problem of the per-ception of Oneness from different perspectives, complementing each other at the same time. According to Plotinus the Oneness is indivisible and unspeakable; nevertheless the philosopher speaks of the Oneness. Plotinus, as a predecessor of mystical teaching of ancient times, develops positive and negative methods of speaking of the Oneness. Whereas Wittgenstein, different from Plotinus, claims that metaphysical, ethical questions are ineffable, therefore all metaphysical and ethical sentences are nonsensical. Nevertheless, Wittgenstein holds in respect ethical, metaphysical topics, which are in the extra-linguistic dimension of real-ity. The experience of Oneness, which is beyond being and intellect, is called mystical. The mystical experi-ence is an extraordinary phenomenon, perception of which is not a common sense in this world, because such experience is beyond the world, space and time. Perennialists, like Walter Stace, claim that all mystical experiences are similar to each other and do not depend on religious traditions, cultures and language. The very essence of mystical experience is to feel unity and oneness with the Deity. It means that the distinction between the subject and the object disappears. Plotinus and Wittgenstein speak of human’s possibilities of intuitive perception of reality. The Oneness is an absolute Reality, perception of which is different from conceptual knowledge; therefore the mystic must reject intellectual knowledge and rather achieve intuitive perception. Wittgenstein describes intuitive percep-tion of reality as sub specie aeternitatis. [...]