Komunizmo ir rusiškumo santykio problema Antano Maceinos publicistikoje ir „euroazijininkų“ filosofijoje

Abstract

The article reflects upon a relationship between Russia and Communism in the domain of political emigration of Russians and Lithuanians in the 20th century. A. Maceina holds two theories as the object of his criticism, which, according to him, explain a relationship between Communist regime and Russian State. According to the theory of “bandits clique”, Communism has nothing in common with the real Russian spiritual origin. Instead, it is bandits clique, armed with purely Western ideological arms of Marxism, that attacked Russia. The opposite of this theory is the theory of “a label”, according to which, international Western ideology is merely a label that masks eternal and aggressive essence of Russia. Using Communist ideology, Russia, supposedly, merely is implementing its traditional imperialistic ambitions. According to Maceina, both theories have essential deficiency – they emphasize the concrete Russian nation (the first theory ideali zes it, the second demonizes), however, they underestimate the power of Communism as ideology to human thinking. The author of the article agrees with Maceina’s critique, but disagrees with his statement that, supposedly, “almost all Russian emigration supported bandits theory”. Intellectual and political movement of Eurasians had a pretension to provide an original synthesis of the theories of the “bandits clique” and of “a label”. On the one hand, Bolsheviks are indeed armed with Western Marxisms and are terrorizing bandits (“bandits clique”). On the other hand, Bolsheviks are merely a temporal mean in an enormous civilizational shift, in which a new Eurasia tic culture is being born (“a label” theory). However, this synthesis did not have endurance. Underestimating the danger of Communist ideology, the doctrine of Eurasians soon degenerated into an apology of Soviet regime as well as Stalin’s Soviet Union.