Ideologinių takoskyrų raiška parlamentinių Lietuvos partijų Seimo rinkimų programose 1992-2004 metais

Abstract

Straipsnio tema yra viena iš klasikinių politologinių temų. Politinių partijų analizei Lietuvos politologinėje literatūroje yra skirta nemažai tekstų, tačiau politinių partijų analizė yra visada aktuali. Straipsnyje pristatoma teorinė ideologinių takoskyrų samprata. Apibrėžiami šešių ideologinių takoskyrų pagrindiniai bruožai, kuriais remiantis analizuojamos parlamentinių Lietuvos partijų 1992-2004 m. Seimo rinkimų programų nuostatos, atitinkančios pasirinktus kriterijus. Straipsnyje nustatoma ideologinių takoskyrų raiška parlamentinių Lietuvos partijų 1992-2004 m. Seimo rinkimų programose

The goal of the article is to identify the salience of ideological cleavages in electoral platforms of Lithuanian parties in the general elections of 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. That is, the aim is to evaluate the extent of expression of these cleavages. Only few parties, that is the so-called relevant parties are analysed. The theoretical framework for this analysis is the classification of dimensions of ideology provided by Arend Lijphart. The work of Giovanni Sartori and Ronald Inglehart is studied in the article as well. The main conclusion is that there is a possibility for six various cleavages – socio-economic, religiuos, cultural-ethnic, urban- rural, cleavage of foreign policy and postmaterialist-materialist cleavage. During the elections in 1992 the parties defended rightwing positions in most of the dimensions of socio-economic cleavage. There was no cleavage. During the elections in 1996 and in 2000 the cleavage deepened because the parties began to express their right-wing or left-wing inclinations more clearly. On the other hand, during the elections of 2004 the cleavage remained but the ideological rigidity changed for the worse: some right-wing parties, namely the coalition of Rolandas Paksas, adopted left-wing attitude. Religious cleavage was salient during the elections in 1992 and in 1996 because the Christian Democrats succeeded to win the seats following clerical strategy. Their opponents were the Social-Democrats which defended secular positions. However, the elections of the year 2000 and the year 2004 proved the decline of the longstanding cleavage. Two aspects could be analyzed with respect to the cultural- ethnic cleavage: dominant culture vs. minority culture and nationalism vs. cosmopolitanism. Lithuanian parties always agitated for preservation of the culture of national minorities.[...]