Naujoji Kinijos diplomatija: įvaizdžio kūrimas, identiteto konstravimas ir strateginės referencijos
| Author |
|---|
Skrudupas, Arūnas |
| Date | Volume | Start Page | End Page |
|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 3 | 139 | 150 |
Akivaizdu, kad naujoji Kinijos Liaudies Respublikos „taikaus iškilimo“ strategija yra grindžiama vadinamosios „švelniosios“ galios aktyvinimu. Tokį pasirinkimą vienu ar kitu būdu lemia ne tik išorinės priežastys (pvz., vienpolė pasaulio tvarka, globalizacija, etc.), bet ir Kinijos kaip kylančios galios „prisistatymo“ tarptautinei bendruomenei strategija (įvaizdžio kūrimas) bei jos politinio lygmens savirefleksija (identiteto konstravimas). Straipsnyje tyrinėjami KLR kaip taikingos šalies, KLR kaip bendradarbiauti linkusio veikėjo, KLR kaip besivystančios šalies, KLR kaip socialistinės šalies su kiniškais bruožais ir KLR kaip autonomiško veikėjo profiliai bei KLR kaip silpno–stipraus veikėjo mentalitetas. Įvaizdžio kūrimas ir identiteto konstravimas Kinijos diplomatinėje-strateginėje realybėje yra glaudžiai susiję, vienas į kitą pereinantys reiškiniai, todėl, nagrinėjant jų ir naujosios KLR strategijos santykį, vartojama įvaizdžio-identiteto sąvokinė konstrukcija.
Image building, identity construction and strategic preferences relation in the new Chinese diplomacy is analyzed in the article. It is stated that image building and identity construction are closely related, overflowing phenomena in the Chinese diplomatic-strategic reality. Therefore, while analyzing the relation between them and the new P.R.C. strategy, the image–identity conceptual construction is used. The concepts of P.R.C. as a peaceful country, as a co-operative player, as a developing country, and partly as an autonomous player are attributed to the spheres of image and identity; the concept of P.R.C. as a socialist country with Chinese characteristics is attributed to the zone of artificial identity. All the analyzed concepts, except for a concept of P.R.C. as an autonomous player, polarizes P.R.C. projected new security strategy to the direction of “soft” power activation and cultivation both in the instrumental image plane and in the constitutive relation with the strategy commanded identity sphere. The so-called weak–strong player mentality of China – the Chinese ambition to “conceal” the gained power and to look weak in the eyes of others, at the same time trying to expand the boundaries of influence and power as much as possible, is discussed. The Chinese security strategy evolution taking place in the early 21st century is defined as the reconstruction of earlier strategic concepts. “Peaceful rise” is designated as the new P.R.C. security strategy. To generalize, it is stated that image development, which is described as a communication process when while communicating with the political elite and citizens of another country it is aspired to impact their attitudes, thinking, and, therefore, associated with public diplomacy and propaganda, not only influences Chinese strategic preferences, but also is to be considered one of the preferences; and the identity, which is comprehensible first of all through the prism of basically nationalistic “grand rejuvenation” and second Chinese uprise, which, in Chinese opinion, reconstructs historical justice, and “tinted” with traditional cultural attributes (i.e. under their influence), grants the strategy with activity and characteristics of transnational relationship development and economic diplomacy practice.