Pragmatinio pasaulio problema : trys antropologijos lygmenys Kanto filosofijoje

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the problem of philosophical antropology in Kant. As the beginner of philosophical antropology Kant grounds its two aspects. First, he devides antropology into three parts: biological, cultural and philosophical. Another aspect is that the position of philosophical antropology is situated at the crossroad of transcendental and empirical philosophy. Because of that Kant maintaines the pragmatic solution of human problem. Kant analyses the pragmatic world and this analysis is closely related to human sciences, i.e., the descriptions of theliving world are similar to the descriptions given by contemporary cultural antropology or other social sciences. Antropology is a certain characteriology, which is called by Kant semiotica universalis. It reveals the human world as a universum of pragmatic signs and landmarks. The aim of the pragmatic anthropology is the same as one of the comparative anthropology of Humbold: it is knowledge of individual world of human beings. This knowledge allows us to understand the individuals and to deal with them in the right way. On another hand, self-knowlege is also important, because only by reflecting and disciplining ourselves and our customs we can realize the way to understand humanity.