Vaikų hiperaktyvumas : tėvų patirtis ir pagalba

Abstract

We oen hear children described as hyperactive, but what exactly does this mean? Most happy, normal children have a lot of energy, so how do you distinguish between an excited child and someone suffering from ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder)? The answer is that it can be difficult. This disorder can vary in intensity and most children will express some of the symptoms some of the time. Unfortunately, there are no specific tests for ADHD, so a diagnosis is based on the child’s behavior. ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inaention, impulsivity and hyperactivity at levels that are considered maladaptive and inappropriate for a child’s age or stage of normal development. For more than a half of the people, who were diagnosed with ADHD, the onset of the disorder arrived before the age of seven years. About 40 % of them show symptoms that persist to adulthood. The disorder occurs more frequently in males than females. Descriptions in the ICD-X, DSM-IV include three diagnostic subtypes based on a predominance of symptoms – either inaention or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. A child can be classified as having either: inattention, hyperactive impulsive or combined type, if both symptoms are present. Although researchers still do not know what exactly causes such a condition, they do know that it is an inherited one. This is why most of the research examining the etiology of ADHD is on a correlational basis. Advice is warranted in attributing causal status to identified variables. Variables within a child, such as neurobiological factors and hereditary influences, have been recognized the most. Syndrome discussed above is not a rarity; alternatively, this is a massive thing, which a pedagogue, nurses meet almost every day.